Figure 4.

Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis. a, Illustration of the predictors. The original regression model included modulation of neural activity in IFG and STN as observed in the covariance-based fMRI analysis (R² = 0.762). Entering connectivity values from the DCM analysis reflecting modulation of coupling by Prospect-of-reward and TMS (B-matrix) significantly improved model predictions of the behavioral benefit (reward-related benefit in accuracy after rTMS) with an R²-change of 0.124 (p = 0.036). The independent variables (predictors) of the regression model are marked in red. b, Regression model predictions. The regression model comprising modulation of activity and connectivity of the IFG-STN pathway predicted >88% variance of the behavioral benefit (p < 0.001).