Table 4. Publication bias of the included studies.
| Key variables | Outcome measures | Classic fail-safe N | Orwin fail-safe N | Begg and Mazumdar | Egger's regression | Duval and Tweedie | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z value | P value | SDM | Tau | Z value | P value | ||||
| Glycemic control | FBG | 1.419 | 0.155 | 0.132 | -0.291 | 1.575 | 0.115 | -3.65 | 0.132 |
| HbA1c | 0.313 | 0.754 | 0.02 | 0.8 | 1.358 | 0.174 | 0.723 | 0.005 | |
| PPBG | -0.942 | 0.346 | -0.09 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -0.07 | -0.09 | |
| Lipid profile | LDL | -0.942 | 0.346 | -0.09 | 0 | 0 | 1 | -0.07 | -0.09 |
| Triglycerides | -0.703 | 0.481 | -0.058 | -0.15 | 0.45 | 0.652 | -0.143 | -0.058 | |
| Total cholesterol | -2.103 | 0.035 | -0.148 | -0.114 | 0.417 | 0.676 | -0.219 | -0.148 | |
| Body composition | WC | -1.445 | 0.148 | -0.036 | -0.394 | 2.028 | 0.042 | -1.814 | -0.036 |
| Body weight | 2.108 | 0.035 | 0.248 | -0.088 | 0.357 | 0.72 | -5.014 | 0.248 | |
| Blood pressure | SBP | -1.656 | 0.097 | -0.053 | -0.285 | 1.484 | 0.137 | -1.749 | -0.053 |
| DBP | -0.02 | 0.983 | 0.009 | 0.171 | 0.89 | 0.373 | -0.439 | 0.009 | |
FBG: Fasting Blood Glucose; ES: Effect Size; CI: Confidence Interval; PPBG: Postprandial Blood Glucose; LDL: Low-Density Lipoprotein; WC: Waist Circumference; SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure.