Table 2.

Outcome measures after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

	3D n = 105	2D n = 104	p value
Operating room time, minutes, median; IqR	112.0; 100.0–128.0	108.5; 96.3–124.3	0.261
Operation time, minutes, median; IqR	49.0; 39.0–65.0	48.0; 38.5–59.8	0.703
Estimated blood loss, ml, mean (SD)	4.8 (13.3)	11.9 (60.9)	0.245
Intraoperative complications
None	91 (86.7%)	89 (85.4%)	0.843
Gallbladder rupture	7 (6.7%)	10 (9.7%)
Intraoperative bleeding, minor	4 (3.8%)	4 (3.9%)
Bleeding, liver bed, haemostat needed	2 (1.9%)	1 (1.0%)
Iatrogenic lesion (liver cyst)	1 (1.0%)	0
Postoperative complication*
Total	21 (22.3%)	22 (22.7%)	0.731
Clavien–Dindo I	15 (16.0%)	12 (12.4%)	0.537
Abnormal pain	9 (9.6%)	3 (3.2%)
Urinary retention	2 (1.9%)	0
Bleeding (abdominal wall)	0	3 (3.2%)
Postoperative fever, (liver bed hematoma)	1 (1.0%)	0
Dizziness	0	1 (1.0%)
Nausea	0	1 (1.0%)
Gastroenteritis	0	1 (1.0%)
Respiratory infection	0	1 (1.0%)
Other	3 (3.2%)	2 (1.9%)
Clavien–Dindo II	6 (6.4%)	10 (10.3%)	0.435
Surgical wound infection	6 (6.4%)	7 (7.2%)
Thrombophlebitis from iv canula	0	2 (1.9%)
Vaginal candidiasis	0	1 (1.0%)
Satisfaction with laparoscopic view, attendings, median; IqR	10; 10	10; 9–10	0.259
Satisfaction with laparoscopic view, residents, median, IqR	9; 8–10	8; 7–8	< 0.001

IqR interquatile range, LCC laparoscopic cholecystectomy, SD standard deviation

*Five patients had more than one complication