Table 1.
Study population characteristics.
| Study 1 (n = 18) | Study 2 (n = 18) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 28 ± 6 | 31 ± 6 |
| Male, number (%) | 10 (55.5%) | 15 (83.3%) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 118.2 ± 8.6 | 123.2 ± 9.2 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 73.5 ± 7.3 | 77.3 ± 9.5 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 72 ± 13.8 | 69.1 ± 14.2 |
| Height, cm | 169.9 ± 9.4 | 172.2 ± 8.7 |
| Weight, kg | 70.9 ± 16.1 | 73.0 ± 8.1 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.5 ± 5.8 | 24.7 ± 3.6 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.8 ± 0.21 | 1.8 ± 0.12 |
| 3D-STE derived LV measures | ||
| 3D EF, % | 57.3 ± 3.3 | 55.4 ± 2.5 |
| 3D EDV, ml/m2 | 67.8 ± 8.9 | 74.9 ± 13.2 |
| 3D ESV, ml/m2 | 28.9 ± 4.4 | 33.5 ± 6.7 |
| 3D SV, ml | 70.4 ± 9.9 | 77.1 ± 13.1 |
| 3D LV mass, g | 127.7 ± 17.7 | 129.8 ± 14.1 |
| SDI volume, % | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 0.9 |
| CS-SDI, % | 5.4 ± 1.5 | 4.8 ± 1.4 |
| LS-SDI, % | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.7 |
| RS-SDI, % | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 0.9 |
| PTS-SDI, % | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 1.0 |
| Di volumes, % | 16.2 ± 2.9 | 14.3 ± 2.6 |
| CS-Di, % | 17.6 ± 4.6 | 16.7 ± 5.7 |
| LS-Di, % | 7.4 ± 2.1 | 5.9 ± 2.3 |
| RS-Di, % | 12.6 ± 2.9 | 11.2 ± 2.7 |
| PTS-Di, % | 14.8 ± 3.9 | 11.7 ± 3.1 |
Data are mean ± standard deviation or number (%). CS, circumferential strain; Di, dispersion (difference between minimum and maximum time to peak of measure over 16-LV segments normalized to cardiac cycle duration); EDV, end-diastolic volume; EF, ejection fraction; ESV, end-systolic volume; LS, longitudinal strain; LV, left ventricle; PTS, principle tangential strain; RS, radial strain; SDI, systolic dyssynchrony index; SV, stroke volume; 3D-STE, three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.