TABLE 5.
Pre- and post-test scores for intervention and control group on work and health measures with group by time effect.
|
Intervention group (n = 280) |
Control group (n = 70) |
Group by time effect |
||||||
| Variable | Time | Mean (SD) | EMM | Mean (SD) | EMM | F (df#) | p-value | |
| Performance computerized tests | Pre-test | 2.9 (1.1) | 2.9 | 2.6 (1.1) | 2.6 | 0.66(1,287) | 0.418 | 0.002 |
| Post-test | 2.9 (1.1) | 2.9 | 2.8 (1.2) | 2.7 | ||||
| Work ability | Pre-test | 3.7 (2.4) | 3.8 | 8.8 (1.4) | 8.7 | 12.32(1,299) | 0.001 | 0.040 |
| Post-test | 4.8 (2.5) | 4.8 | 8.8 (1.3) | 8.7 | ||||
| Return-to-Work Self-Efficacy-19 | ||||||||
| - Meeting job demands | Pre-test | 34.0 (18.7) | Not relevant | |||||
| Post-test | 39.2 (18.4) | |||||||
| - Modifying job tasks | Pre-test | 29.3 (13.4) | Not relevant | |||||
| Post-test | 33.2 (13.2) | |||||||
| - Communicating needs | Pre-test | 36.9 (14.5) | Not relevant | |||||
| Post-test | 38.7 (13.6) | |||||||
| Subjective Health Complaints Inventory | ||||||||
| - Pseudoneurology | Pre-test | 7.2 (4.0) | 7.2 | 2.1 (2.5) | 2.1 | 12.64(1,285) | <0.001 | 0.042 |
| Post-test | 5.5 (3.5) | 5.5 | 1.9 (2.5) | 2.0 | ||||
| - Musculoskeletal pain | Pre-test | 9.9 (5.0) | 9.8 | 3.4 (3.6) | 4.0 | 6.58(1,285) | 0.011 | 0.023 |
| Post-test | 8.0 (4.5) | 7.8 | 3.0 (3.2) | 3.6 | ||||
| Theoretically Originated Measure of the Cognitive Activation Theory of Stress | ||||||||
| - Coping | Pre-test | 2.0 (0.6) | 2.0 | 1.7 (0.6) | 1.7 | 0.78(1,287) | 0.379 | 0.003 |
| Post-test | 1.9 (0.6) | 1.9 | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.6 | ||||
| - Hopelessness | Pre-test | 9.1 (1.9) | 9.1 | 10.6 (1.8) | 10.5 | 1.61(1,287) | 0.206 | 0.006 |
| Post-test | 9.3 (2.0) | 9.4 | 10.6 (1.9) | 10.5 | ||||
| - Helplessness | Pre-test | 9.6 (2.0) | 9.6 | 11.1 (1.7) | 11.0 | 4.36(1,285) | 0.038 | 0.015 |
| Post-test | 10.0 (1.9) | 10.1 | 11.1 (1.7) | 10.9 | ||||
| Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire | ||||||||
| - Work | Pre-test | 20.0 (11.5) | 19.7 | 2.9 (5.9) | 4.8 | 0.26(1,255) | 0.611 | 0.001 |
| Post-test | 18.6 (11.6) | 18.4 | 2.4 (5.0) | 4.1 | ||||
| - Physical activity | Pre-test | 9.0 (5.9) | 8.9 | 2.5 (4.7) | 3.0 | 3.61(1,259) | 0.059 | 0.014 |
| Post-test | 8.0 (5.9) | 7.9 | 3.4 (5.2) | 4.0 | ||||
| 36-Item Short Form Health Survey | ||||||||
| - Pain | Pre-test | 4.5 (1.1) | 4.5 | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.8 | 7.48(1,287) | 0.007 | 0.025 |
| Post-test | 4.0 (1.1) | 4.0 | 2.6 (1.4) | 2.8 | ||||
| - Pain related to work | Pre-test | 3.4 (1.1) | 3.4 | 1.7 (0.9) | 1.8 | 15.33(1,286) | <0.001 | 0.051 |
| Post-test | 2.7 (1.1) | 2.7 | 1.7 (1.0) | 1.8 | ||||
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | ||||||||
| - Anxiety | Pre-test | 8.3 (4.4) | 8.3 | 4.2 (3.7) | 4.2 | 5.89(1,283) | 0.016 | 0.020 |
| Post-test | 7.0 (4.2) | 6.9 | 3.8 (3.4) | 4.0 | ||||
| - Depression | Pre-test | 6.4 (3.9) | 6.4 | 2.3 (2.7) | 2.3 | 8.85(1,283) | 0.003 | 0.030 |
| Post-test | 4.7 (3.8) | 4.9 | 2.0 (2.5) | 2.2 | ||||
n, sample size; SD, standard deviation; EMM, estimated marginal means evaluated with covariate in model (Education); df, degrees of freedom; , partial eta squared. #All participants did not respond to all questionnaire items or single item questions. The multivariate test statistic Wilks’ lambda was used to display the F ratio.