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. 2019 Oct 16;9:14841. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51181-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Transcriptional profiling of annotated genes that are differentially expressed across the four germline populations. (a) False-colour k-means clustering heatmap summarizing the expression patterns (as Z-score of log2(FPKM + 1)) of annotated genes that are differentially expressed (P < 0.05 according to LRT) and have expression levels above 10 FPKM in at least one of the populations. The diagrams on the left report the expression trend of annotated genes for each cluster as log2(FPKM + 1). (b) Maximum absolute expression of each gene based on the highest log2(FPKM + 1) value detected across the four populations. (c) Absolute expression (as arbitrary unit of fluorescence intensity) of germline-enriched genes in adult males and (d) germline-enriched genes in adult females defined using MozAtlas microarray data²⁷ (tau-value ≥ 0.8). Z-score and expression values are displayed according to colour codes to indicate: high levels (red) and low levels (blue) of expression, the 50^th percentile (white), non-testis-enriched or non-ovary-enriched genes based on MozAtlas τ < 0.8 (grey) and not-applicable data from MozAtlas (light yellow).