Fig. 6.

The ACMC induces flexible cortical adaptation. a–c Three successive sessions using different electrodes in anatomically distant areas. a The ACMC input electrode is represented by a black filled circle in each session. The somatotopy of each electrode was evaluated when the monkey was intact. The electrode in M1 was placed in the shoulder area in Session 1, in the digit area in Session 2, and in the shoulder area in Session 3. Electrical stimuli were applied to the FCR muscle in Session 1, the ECR and EDC muscles in Session 2, and the ECU muscle in Session 3. Data were obtained from Monkey M. bTime course of task performance in three subsequent ACMC sessions with different input electrodes. The MDs of high-gamma activity were calculated from data obtained during the initial and last phases in each session, indicated in grey. c The spatial distribution of MD changes were compared between the initial and last phases in each session (i.e. Last 1 – Initial 1, Initial 2 – Last 1, Last 2 – Initial 2, Initial 3 – Last 2 and Last 3 – Initial 3). The grey open circles with black arrows represent the input electrode. d–f Two successive sessions using electrodes in nearby areas. d The ACMC input electrode, shown as a black filled circle, was in the vicinity of the PM in consecutive sessions. Electrical stimuli were applied to the FCR muscle in Session 1 and the FCU muscle in Session 2. Data were obtained from Monkey M. e Time course of task performance in two consecutive sessions with the input electrode in neighbouring sites. MDs were measured during the grey-shaded initial and last phases of each session. f Changes in the spatial distribution of MD were compared between the initial and last phases in each session (i.e. Last 1 – Initial 1, Initial 2 – Last 1, and Last 2 – Initial 2). Grey unfilled circles with black arrows represent the input electrode