Table 2.
Perinatal pain and depression phenotypes reported across prenatal, labor, and postpartum time points.
| Pain and depression traits (units) | n | Mean (SD) | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | |||
| EPDS (baseline score) | 167 | 5 (4) | 4.4–5.6 |
| EPDS (six weeks postpartum score) | 82 | 4.1 (3.8) | 3.3–5.0 |
| EPDS (three months postpartum score) | 74 | 4 (3.7) | 3.1–4.8 |
| Labor pain | |||
| Initial labor pain score (mm) | 88 | 6.4 (6) | 5.1–7.6 |
| Labor pain intensity max (mm) | 88 | 77.8 (20.1) | 73.5–82.1 |
| Labor pain intensity burden (AUC) | 88 | 429 (333.3) | 358.4–499.7 |
| Labor pain unpleasantness max (mm) | 88 | 79.7 (19.5) | 75.6–83.8 |
| Labor pain unpleasantness burden (AUC) | 88 | 443.1 (349.8) | 369.0–517.2 |
| Supplemental labor epidural analgesia doses (number) | 106 | 2.8 (4.2) | 2.0–3.6 |
| Postpartum pain, zero to three days after delivery | |||
| Postpartum opioid requirements (MME)a | 106 | 30 (50.5) | 20.3–39.7 |
| Postpartum percent change in pain (%)a | 118 | −11 (47.1) | −19.6 to −2.4 |
| Time-weighted postpartum percent change in pain (%)a | 118 | 3.9 (1.5) | 3.6–4.2 |
| Postpartum pain, six weeks after delivery | |||
| Pain at worst in last 24 h (score) | 81 | 4.9 (2.7) | 4.3–5.5 |
| Pain at least in last 24 h (score) | 81 | 5.4 (2.8) | 4.8–6.0 |
| Pain on average (score) | 81 | 2.9 (2.3) | 2.4–3.4 |
| Pain right now (score) | 80 | 2.9 (2.3) | 2.4–3.4 |
| Postpartum pain, three months after delivery | |||
| Pain at worst in last 24 h (score) | 71 | 1.1 (2) | 0.6–1.5 |
| Pain at least in last 24 h (score) | 71 | 1.1 (2) | 0.6–1.6 |
| Pain on average (score) | 71 | 0.7 (1.6) | 0.3–1.1 |
| Pain right now (score) | 71 | 0.5 (1.5) | 0.1–0.8 |
EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; AUC: area under curve; MME: milligram morphine equivalents; SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval.
aMeasurements included in-hospital data only.