Table 3.
Study framework of included studies
| Author Year | Pubmed ID | Study period | Data source, country or region | Study design | Population | Outcome | Does metformin show a significant anti-tuberculosis effect? | Risk of bias assessment (study quality) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marupuru et al. 2017 [19] | 28,199,824 | 2011–2015 | Kasturba Hospital, India | Case-control | Patients with DM (n = 448) | A diagnosis of TB | Yes | 7 |
| Lin et al. 2017 [20] | NA | 2000–2006 | NHIRD (database), Taiwan | Cohort | Patients with DM (n = 22,256) | A new diagnosis of TB | Yes | 8 |
| Lee et al. 2018 [9] | 30,335,800 | 2003–2006 | NHIRD (database), Taiwan | Cohort | Patients with DM (n = 177,732) | A new diagnosis of TB | Yes | 8 |
| Lin et al. 2018 [10] | 29,943,489 | 1998–2010 | NHIRD (database), Taiwan | Cohort |
Patients with type 2 DM (n = 10,052) |
A new diagnosis of TB | Yes | 8 |
| Pan et al. 2018 [13] | 29,253,553 | 2003–2013 | NHIRD (database), Taiwan | Cohort |
Patients with type 2 DM (n = 9475) |
A new diagnosis of TB | Yes | 8 |
| Tseng et al. 2018 [7] | 30,205,606 | 1999–2005 | NHIRD (database), Taiwan | Cohort |
Patients with type 2 DM (n = 164,267) |
A new diagnosis of TB | Yes | 8 |
| Lee et al. 2017 [11] | 29,540,054 | 2011–2012 | Seoul national university hospital, South Korea | Cohort |
Patients with both DM and pulmonary TB (n = 105) |
(1) Sputum culture conversion; (2) Recurrence of TB |
(1) No (2) No |
8 |
| Ma et al. 2018 [21] | 29,679,254 | 2009–2013 | Five hospitals in China, China | Cohort |
Patients with both type 2 DM and pulmonary TB (n = 58) |
(1) Sputum culture conversion; (2) Recurrence of TB (3) Success treatment |
(1) No (2) No (3) No |
8 |
| Degner et al. 2018 [12] | 29,325,084 | 2000–2013 |
NTUH (hospital) Taiwan |
Cohort | Patients with both DM and pulmonary TB (n = 634) | TB mortality | Yes | 8 |
| Magee et al. 2018 [8] | 30,523,163 | 2011–2012 |
NHANES (database) U.S.A. |
Cross-sectional |
Patients with DM (n = 4958) |
A diagnosis of LTBI by QFT | No | 8 |
| Singhal et al. 2014 [4] | 25,411,472 | NA | Tan Tock Seng hospital, Singapore | Cohort |
Cohort 1: Patients with both DM and pulmonary TB (n = 273); Cohort 2: Patients with DM. (n = 220) |
(1) TB mortality (2) Number of pulmonary cavities (3) A diagnosis of LTBI by T-spot |
(1) Yes (2) Yes (3) Yes |
6 |
Abbreviations: TB Tuberculosis, LTBI Latent tuberculosis infection, DM Diabetes mellitus, QFT QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube, NHIRD National Health Insurance Research Database, NTUH National Taiwan University hospital, NA Not available