Table 1.

Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills assessment test: each trainee was evaluated in five different task with a score from 1 (low) to 5 (high)

TASK 1: creating pneumoperitoneum and positioning trocars under vision
Time and motion	1	2	3	4	5
	Many unnecessary moves		Efficient time/motion but some unnecessary moves		Economy of movement and maximum efficiency
Knowledge of instruments	1	2	3	4	5
	Frequently asked for the wrong instrument or used an inappropriate instrument		Knew the names of most instruments and used appropriate instrument for the task		Obviously familiar with the instruments required and their names
Instruments handling	1	2	3	4	5
	Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments		Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward		Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness
TASK 2: moving six pegs on a platform, from right to left and from left to right
Time and motion	1	2	3	4	5
	Many unnecessary moves		Efficient time/motion but some unnecessary moves		Economy of movement and maximum efficiency
Instruments handling (dominant hand)	1	2	3	4	5
	Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments		Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward		Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness
Instruments handling (non-dominant hand)	1	2	3	4	5
	Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments		Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward		Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness
Synchronization between the hands	1	2	3	4	5
	No coordination between the movements of the two hands		At times there is coordination between the movements of the two hands		Maximum synchronization between the hands
TASK 3: changing the shape of a rubber band on a platform with spikes
Time and motion	1	2	3	4	5
	Many unnecessary moves		Efficient time/motion but some unnecessary moves		Economy of movement and maximum efficiency
Instruments handling (dominant hand)	1	2	3	4	5
	Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments		Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward		Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness
Instruments handling (non-dominant hand)	1	2	3	4	5
	Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments		Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward		Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness
Synchronization between the hands	1	2	3	4	5
	No coordination between the movements of the two hands		At times there is coordination between the movements of the two hands		Maximum synchronization between the hands
TASK 4: cutting precisely a circle printed on a dual layer gauze
Time and motion	1	2	3	4	5
	Many unnecessary moves		Efficient time/motion but some unnecessary moves		Economy of movement and maximum efficiency
Instruments handling	1	2	3	4	5
	Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments		Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward		Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness
Respect for tissue	1	2	3	4	5
	Frequently used unnecessary force on tissue or caused damage by inappropriate use of instruments		Careful handling of tissue but occasionally caused inadvertent damage		Consistently handled tissues appropriately with minimal damage
Synchronization between the hands	1	2	3	4	5
	No coordination between the movements of the two hands		At times there is coordination between the movements of the two hands		Maximum synchronization between the hands
TASK 5: making single stitch/knot on a silicon suture-pad
Time and motion	1	2	3	4	5
	Many unnecessary moves		Efficient time/motion but some unnecessary moves		Economy of movement and maximum efficiency
Instruments handling	1	2	3	4	5
	Repeatedly makes tentative or awkward moves with instruments		Competent use of instruments although occasionally appeared stiff or awkward		Fluid moves with instruments and no awkwardness
Respect for tissue	1	2	3	4	5
	Frequently used unnecessary force on tissue or caused damage by inappropriate use of instruments		Careful handling of tissue but occasionally caused inadvertent damage		Consistently handled tissues appropriately with minimal damage
Synchronization between the hands	1	2	3	4	5
	No coordination between the movements of the two hands		At times there is coordination between the movements of the two hands		Maximum synchronization between the hands
Flow of operation and forward planning	1	2	3	4	5
	Frequently stopped operating or needed to discuss next move		Demonstrated ability for forward planning with steady progression of operative procedure		Obviously planned course of operation with effortless flow from one move to the next