Table 5.
Changes in glycemic markers and lipid profiles from day 0 to day 60 in elderly T2DM subjects
| Non-WSP-EN | WSP-EN | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 0 | Day 60 | Changes | Day 0 | Day 60 | Changes | |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 108.19 ± 28.05 | 139.13 ± 51.07 * | 30.94 ± 38.50 | 119.08 ± 61.23 | 122.63 ± 57.94 | 3.54 ± 59.49 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.84 ± 0.59 | 6.05 ± 0.97 | 0.21 ± 0.60 | 6.73 ± 1.47 | 6.40 ± 1.16 * | −0.33 ± 0.75 # |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 7.88 ± 6.78 | 10.98 ± 6.33 | 3.11 ± 7.06 | 8.72 ± 6.63 | 18.47 ± 13.83 | 9.75 ± 3.14 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.26 ± 2.77 | 3.41 ± 2.39 | 1.15 ± 2.82 | 2.92 ± 3.54 | 6.94 ± 4.62 | 4.01 ± 4.49 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 148.94 ± 25.42 | 158.38 ± 33.15 | 9.44 ± 26.65 | 159.29 ± 25.69 | 163.67 ± 26.96 | 4.38 ± 17.32 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 157.63 ± 82.40 | 161.44 ± 79.30 | 3.81 ± 57.85 | 127.21 ± 54.99 | 140.04 ± 72.52 | 12.83 ± 41.88 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 38.19 ± 12.39 | 37.88 ± 8.15 | − 0.31 ± 6.80 | 42.13 ± 10.56 | 44.25 ± 8.43 * | 2.13 ± 4.93 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 91.63 ± 18.11 | 99.69 ± 25.82 | 8.06 ± 20.97 | 100.96 ± 23.37 | 106.71 ± 23.14 | 5.75 ± 14.89 |
| TC/ HDL-C | 4.18 ± 1.12 | 4.39 ± 1.38 | 0.21 ± 0.71 | 3.99 ± 1.09 | 3.82 ± 0.84 | −0.17 ± 0.61 |
| LDL-C/HDL-C | 2.62 ± 0.85 | 2.80 ± 1.07 | 0.17 ± 0.64 | 2.56 ± 0.91 | 2.49 ± 0.66 | −0.07 ± 0.52 |
Data are presented as means ± standard deviations.
* Significant within-group difference after intervention (paired t test analysis; p < 0.05).
# Significant between-groups difference after intervention (independent t test; p < 0.05).
FBG Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance. TC Total cholesterol; TG triglyceride; HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
*p < 0.05 pre- vs. post-treatment, paired t test.
#p < 0.05 between non-WSP-EN vs. WSP-EN group, independent-sample t test