Funnel approach workflow. Three different cohorts including samples originating from Bangladesh (multibacillary (MB) and paucibacillary (PB) leprosy patients, household contacts (HC), healthy endemic controls (EC)) were used. Both whole blood assays (WBA) samples (orange; unstimulated and stimulated with M. leprae whole cell sonicate or M. leprae specific proteins (ML0840, ML2478)) and plasma samples (purple) were analyzed using multiplex bead assays (MBA), ELISA or up-converting phosphor lateral flow assays (UCP-LFA). The markers tested in each step are displayed in the right column. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)