Fig. 4.

Cytokine levels in plasma of treated and control animals. a) Heatmap showing cytokine levels in the plasma of all animals at several time points after sensitisation with rhMOG/IFA. Cytokine levels are represented by a colour gradient, ranging from yellow (no expression) to deep blue (highest concentration). Hierarchical clustering, represented by dendrograms, was performed at individual and cytokine levels. Four groups of animals were identified and are numbered from 1 to 4 in the text: animals treated with anti-DC-ASGPR-MOG are named T1, T2, and T3, controls treated with anti-DC-ASGPR-PSA, C1, C2, and C3, and untreated non-immunised naïve animals, 1, 2, 3, and 4; timepoints in dpi are numbered from D7 to D37; group I (red), group II (green), group III (purple), group IV (yellow); see also Supplemental table 4). b) Cytokine levels (expressed in log10 of pg/ml) in naïve animals relative to those measured in “EAE incubation” group II, in which there were significantly lower TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and IL-8 levels. c) Cytokine levels measured in “EAE resolution” group III, in which there were significantly higher TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and IL-8 levels in treated animals than naïve macaques. d) Varying cytokine levels between the two groups of treated and control animals and the various timepoints. In green, animals treated with anti-DC-ASGPR-MOG (T); in blue, control animals treated with anti-DC-ASGPR-PSA (C) and timepoints in day (d) post-sensitisation with rhMOG/IFA. The levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IFNγ, and TNFα were elevated at 35 dpi in controls but not treated animals. The levels of IL-8, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2 were elevated in treated animals at the last timepoint of 35 dpi, but not in controls. Statistics: exploratory analysis, with no multiple test correction, using the two-tailed unpaired t-test. (ns) p > .05; (*) p ≤ .050; (**) p ≤ .010; (***) p ≤ .0010. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)