Fig. 1.

Nwd1 expression is upregulated in the brain tissues of a mouse model of acute seizures and TLE patients.

(a–b) Western blot analysis shows that Nwd1 protein levels are increased in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of mice with KA-induced status epilepticus compared with those in the control (***P = .0002, **P = .0034, n = 8 per group, unpaired t-test; SE, status epilepticus). (c–d) Immunohistochemical staining indicates that Nwd1 immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex tissues is stronger in TLE patients than in controls (***P = .0003 versus control, n = 8 per group, unpaired t-test). (e) Nwd1 is expressed in pyramidal neurons and colocalizes with microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2)-positive neurons but not with an astrocyte marker (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) in cortical and hippocampal samples from TLE patients and acute seizures mice. The arrows indicate the positive cells. The error bars indicate the SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.