Table 2.
Epidemiological characteristics of the study population.
| Demographic/clinical parameter | Controls | Cases | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years (mean ± SD) | 51.8 ± 9.8 | 55.9 ± 10.7 | 1 × 10−6 |
| Percentage of males/females | 36.6/63.4 | 81.2/18.8 | <1 × 10−7 |
| Height in cms (mean ± SD) | 157.61 ± 10 | 163.49 ± 8.1 | 3 × 10−3 |
| Weight in Kg (mean ± SD) | 67.5 ± 11.6 | 67.8 ± 11.7 | 0.603 |
| BMI (mean ± SD) | 26.1 ± 4.9 | 25.4 ± 3.8 | 0.044 |
| Systolic BP (mean ± SD) | 121.4 ± 6.7 | 125.7 ± 18.1 | 8 × 10−4 |
| Diastolic BP (mean ± SD) | 80.8 ± 5.9 | 76.6 ± 10.7 | 1 × 10−7 |
| Percentage of diabetics/normal | 15.8/84.2 | 50.5/49.5 | <1 × 10−7 |
| Duration of diabetes in years (mean ± SD) | 0.431 ± 1.13 | 1.50 ± 1.80 | <1 × 10−7 |
| Percentage of hypertensives/normal | 24.6/75.4 | 58.7/41.3 | <1 × 10−7 |
| Duration of hypertension in years (mean ± SD) | 0.76 ± 1.55 | 1.74 ± 1.82 | <1 × 10−6 |
| Percentage having affected first-degree relative/no affected first-degree relative | 30/70 | 39.4/60.6 | 0.015 |
| Percentage of cigarette smokers (ever)/nonsmokers | 4.7/95.3 | 43.6/56.4 | <1 × 10−7 |
| No. of cigarettes per day (mean ± SD) | 0.13 ± 0.92 | 4.21 ± 7.30 | <1 × 10−7 |
| Percentage of alcoholics (ever)/nonalcoholics | 9.5/90.5 | 39.5/60.5 | <1 × 10−7 |
| Number of pegs of alcohol (mean ± SD) | 1.85 ± 1.10 | 1.01 ± 1.40 | <1 × 10−7 |
| Number of tea/coffee cups per day (mean ± SD) | 2.37 ± 1.12 | 2.69 ± 1.86 | 0.021 |
| Percentage of individuals with vegetarian diet/mixed diet | 51.9/48.1 | 17.9/82.1 | <1 × 10−7 |
| Percentage of individuals with regular fruit intake/rare fruit intake | 75/25 | 56.9/43.1 | 2 × 10−6 |
| Percentage of individuals with regular physical exercise/no physical exercise | 78.3/21.7 | 45.5/54.5 | <1 × 10−7 |
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure.