Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study participants.
| Characteristic | All subjects (5590) |
Survival status at 1 year after the index visit |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive (4606) | Dead (984) | P-value | ||
| Age, years | 59.1 ± 11.8 | 58.6 ± 11.6 | 61.5 ± 12.2 | <0.001 |
| Age 50 years or below | 1173 (21.0) | 1012 (22.0) | 161 (16.4) | <0.001 |
| Male gender | 4637 (83.0) | 3807 (82.7) | 830 (84.3) | 0.20 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 80 ± 11 | 80 ± 11 | 80 ± 12 | 0.46 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
| Systolic | 114 ± 15 | 114 ± 15 | 113 ± 16 | 0.054 |
| Diastolic | 71 ± 9 | 71 ± 9 | 71 ± 9 | 0.079 |
| NYHA class | 0.045 | |||
| I | 435 (7.8) | 340 (7.4) | 95 (9.7) | |
| II | 2772 (49.6) | 2311 (50.2) | 461 (46.8) | |
| III | 2098 (37.5) | 1726 (37.5) | 372 (37.8) | |
| IV | 285 (5.1) | 229 (5.0) | 56 (5.7) | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes | 2749 (49.2) | 2242 (48.7) | 507 (51.5) | 0.11 |
| Hypertension | 2733 (48.9) | 2248 (48.8) | 485 (49.3) | 0.78 |
| Smoking/tobacco use | 466 (8.3) | 376 (8.2) | 90 (9.1) | 0.31 |
| Alcohol consumption | 231 (4.1) | 190 (4.1) | 41 (4.2) | 0.95 |
| Underlying disease characteristics | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 4348 (77.8) | 3567 (77.4) | 781 (79.4) | 0.19 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 1790 (32.0) | 1488 (32.3) | 302 (30.7) | 0.32 |
| Previous PCI | 1676 (30.0) | 1420 (30.8) | 256 (26.0) | 0.003 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 977 (17.5) | 812 (17.6) | 165 (16.8) | 0.52 |
| Rheumatic heart disease | 266 (4.8) | 233 (5.1) | 33 (3.4) | 0.02 |
| LVEF, % | 30.0 ± 6.6 | 30.2 ± 6.6 | 29.2 ± 6.8 | <0.001 |
| LVEF 30% or below | 3304 (59.1%) | 2685 (58.3) | 619 (62.9) | 0.008 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 278 (5.0) | 223 (4.8) | 55 (5.6) | 0.33 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 2574 (46.0) | 2107 (45.7) | 467 (47.5) | 0.33 |
| Blood investigation findings | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.9 ± 2.0 | 11.9 ± 2.0 | 11.7 ± 2.0 | 0.01 |
| Blood urea, mg/dLa | 37.0 (28.0–53.0) | 37.0 (28.0–51.0) | 43.0 (31.0–66.0) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dLa | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | <0.001 |
| Estimated GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 76.1 ± 27.7 | 77.7 ± 26.9 | 68.5 ± 30.2 | <0.001 |
Continuous values are reported as mean ± standard deviation and categorical values as actual numbers with percentages in parentheses. Bold values in P-value column indicate statistically significant differences.
GFR, glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
a
Reported as median with interquartile range because of non-normal distribution.