Fig. 4.

Chromatograms are the result of product Total Ion Current (TIC), or a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), of albendazole (ABZ) parental drug and its metabolites identified in the supernatant of cultures of either C. elegans benzimidazole resistant allele CB3474 ben-1(e1880)III (shown in green) or adult H. contortus drug sensitive MHco3(ISE) allele (shown in orange). The first (top) chromatograms contains benzimidazole but no nematodes, the second chromatograms corresponds to the culture containing either C. elegans or H. contortus, respectively, exposed to albendazole (ABZ), the third chromatogram corresponds to the control culture containing C. elegans or H. contortus but with no benzimidazole. C. elegans was exposed to 56.5 μM BZ for 3 days, and H. contortus was exposed to 10 μM BZ for 16 h respectively. [ABZ+O], was identified in trace amounts in both worms by a targeted ion search using m/z 282. Metabolites and their LC-MS/MS fragmentation patterns identified in supernatant of the ABZ-treated nematode cultures. The fragmentation patterns were extracted from either a Total Ion Current (TIC) of ABZ-treated C. elegans culture supernatant, or multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of H. contortus culture and resulted from a fragmentor setting of 150V and a collision energy of 30eV