Table 2. Association between risk of major depressive episodes, suicidal thoughts, and social determinants of health.
| Risk of MDE | Suicidal thoughts | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 ICC 0.010 | Model 2 ICC 0.012 | Model 1 ICC 0.012 | Model 2 ICC 0.016 | |
| GDP (in reais) | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 1.00 (0.99-1.02) | 1.00 (0.98-1.01) | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) |
| Gini index | 1.00 (0.98-1.01) | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) |
| CAPS/20,000 population | 1.03 (0.91-1.17) | 1.03 (0.90-1.17) | 1.03 (0.90-1.73) | 1.04 (0.89-1.20) |
| FHS/1,000 population | 0.85 (0.19-3.85) | 0.60 (0.12-3.00) | 1.64 (0.33-8.26) | 0.68 (0.11-4.20) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18-24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 25-34 | 1.43 (1.21-1.68) | 1.04 (0.89-1.20) | ||
| 35-44 | 1.77 (1.50-2.08) | 1.18 (1.02-1.37) | ||
| 45-54 | 1.86 (1.57-2.20) | 1.16 (0.99-1.36) | ||
| 55-64 | 1.63 (1.36-1.95) | 1.00 (0.84-1.19) | ||
| 65 or more | 1.25 (1.03-1.51) | 0.71 (0.59-0.86) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Female | 2.36 (2.15-2.59) | 2.10 (1.91-2.30) | ||
| Skin color | ||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Black/brown | 0.96 (0.87-1.05) | 1.05 (0.96-1.16) | ||
| Others | 1.01 (0.74-1.39) | 1.17 (0.85-1.60) | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Without a partner | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| With a partner | 0.76 (0.70-0.83) | 0.72 (0.66-0.79) | ||
| Schooling | ||||
| No education/incomplete primary education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Complete primary education/incomplete secondary education | 0.77 (0.69-0.87) | 0.82 (0.73-0.92) | ||
| Complete secondary education/incomplete higher education | 0.58 (0.51-0.66) | 0.52 (0.46-0.59) | ||
| Complete higher education | 0.47 (0.40-0.56) | 0.39 (0.32-0.48) | ||
| Assets index (quintiles) | ||||
| 1 (poorer) | 1.00 | 100 | ||
| 2 | 0.95 (0.85-1.07) | 0.90 (0.80-1.00) | ||
| 3 | 0.90 (0.79-1.02) | 0.73 (0.64-0.84) | ||
| 4 | 0.72 (0.63-0.84) | 0.59 (0.51-0.69) | ||
| 5 (richer) | 0.66 (0.56-0.78) | 0.46 (0.38-0.55) | ||
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Rural | 0.63 (0.56-0.72) | 0.75 (0.67-0.85) | ||
| Number of residents per household | 1.03 (1.01-1.06) | 1.03 (1.01-1.06) | ||
Data presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval).
CAPS = Psychosocial Care Centers; FHS = Family Health Strategy; GDP = gross domestic product per capita; ICC = intraclass coefficient; MDE = major depressive episodes.
Source: 2013 National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde [PNS]).10