Fig. 1.
FVII, FIX, FX, and their LCs exhibit antibacterial activity. a–h Growth kinetic measurements of E. coli DH5α exposed to different concentrations of lFVII (a), FVII (b), FVIIa (c), hFVII (d), lFIX (e), lFX (f), FIX (g) and FX (h). Untreated bacteria were included in all experiments. Data represent mean values from five or more independent experiments. i Resistance to P. aeruginosa in BALB/c mice was weakened by neutralizing endogenous coagulation factors. The following antibodies (dose per mouse in parentheses), with saline as a blank control, were investigated in groups of eight mice: anti-mFVII Ab (1 µg), anti-mFIX Ab (8 µg), anti-mFX Ab (8 µg), Ab combination (1 µg of anti-mFVII Ab, 8 µg of anti-mFIX Ab and 8 µg of anti-mFX Ab), normal goat IgG (16 µg) and normal rabbit IgG (16 µg). After 1 h of antibody injections, each mouse was intravenously inoculated with 2 × 105 CFU of P. aeruginosa L93. j, k Increased bacterial load in blood (j) and liver (k) caused by neutralizing endogenous coagulation factors. Mice were treated as described in i. Bacterial titers remaining in blood and liver were assayed at 2 h post inoculation of P. aeruginosa. Bars indicate the means (n = 8). **P < 0.01, significantly different from the saline-injected group