Table 3.

Test of Mediation Models for Interpersonal Violence Recency, Number of Forms, and Self-Reported Days of Poorer Mental and Physical Health (Health-Related Quality Of Life) in the Past Month

			Prevalence rate ratios (95% CI) for violence and current health: models adjusting for demographics (Model 1) and mediators (Models 2–5)
N = 12,594	n Within violence strata	Poorer current mental HR-QOL,a n (%), n = 788	Model 1, demographics	Model 2, +stress	Model 3, +support	Model 4, +health behaviors	Model 5, all 1–4
Violence recency
Current IPV	174	46 (26.4)	6.85 (4.62–10.16)	3.88 (2.53–5.95)	5.01 (3.32–7.55)	5.57 (3.68–8.41)	2.70 (1.72–4.22)
Past IPV, no current	4648	464 (10.0)	3.19 (2.66–3.83)	2.37 (1.97–2.87)	2.72 (2.26–3.27)	2.71 (2.25–3.26)	1.88 (1.55–2.29)
Past SA (no IPV)	401	31 (7.7)	2.55 (1.70–3.81)	1.75 (1.15–2.66)	2.17 (1.44–3.27)	2.11 (1.40–3.18)	1.34 (0.87–2.07)
Past CA	1084	68 (6.3)	2.22 (1.66–2.98)	1.85 (1.37–2.51)	2.03 (1.51–2.73)	2.17 (1.61–2.91)	1.76 (1.29–2.39)
No. of violence forms (polyvictimization)
Three forms: IPV and SA and CA	740	150 (20.3)	6.23 (4.87–7.97)	4.07 (3.13–5.30)	4.86 (3.78–6.27)	4.90 (3.80–6.32)	3.01 (2.29–3.96)
Two formsb	1756	210 (12.0)	3.85 (3.11–4.77)	2.69 (2.15–3.37)	3.22 (2.59–4.00)	3.17 (2.54–3.94)	2.06 (1.64–2.60)
One form	3811	249 (6.5)	2.19 (1.80–2.68)	1.75 (1.42–2.15)	1.96 (1.60–2.40)	2.00 (1.63–2.44)	1.50 (1.22–1.86)
None	6287	179 (2.8)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)

		Poorer current physical HR-QOL,a n (%), n = 1625
Violence recency
Current IPV	174	47 (27.0)	3.34 (2.33–4.81)	2.33 (1.60–3.40)	2.90 (2.00–4.20)	3.05 (2.09–4.45)	2.12 (1.43–3.14)
Past IPV, no current	4648	814 (17.5)	2.14 (1.90–2.41)	1.83 (1.62–2.07)	1.99 (1.76–2.25)	1.95 (1.72–2.21)	1.67 (1.47–1.89)
Past SA (no IPV)	401	70 (17.5)	2.17 (1.64–2.87)	1.80 (1.36–2.40)	2.01 (1.52–2.66)	1.93 (1.46–2.57)	1.59 (1.19–2.12)
Past CA (no IPV/SA)	1084	68 (6.3)	2.22 (1.66–2.98)	1.85 (1.37–2.51)	2.03 (1.51–2.73)	2.17 (1.61–2.91)	1.76 (1.29–2.39)
No. of violence forms (polyvictimization)
Three forms: IPV and SA and CA	740	215 (29.1)	3.75 (3.12–4.53)	2.96 (2.43–3.60)	3.33 (2.74–4.05)	3.24 (2.66–3.94)	2.56 (2.09–3.11)
Two formsb	1756	352 (20.0)	2.51 (2.15–2.91)	2.07 (1.77–2.41)	2.31 (1.98–2.69)	2.23 (1.91–2.61)	1.84 (1.57–2.16)
One form	3811	510 (13.4)	1.62 (1.42–1.84)	1.45 (1.27–1.65)	1.54 (1.35–1.76)	1.54 (1.35–1.76)	1.37 (1.20–1.57)
No violence	6287	548 (8.7)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)	1.00 (Ref.)

Model 1: adjusted for demographic variables age (grouped as 18–39, 40–54, and 55+), not exclusively heterosexual (yes or no), education (≤high school graduate, some college or associates degree, college graduate, or beyond, other), health insurance coverage (private, Medicare, Medicaid, VA, or other governmental, uninsured or unknown), Kentucky region (rural vs. urban). Adjustments are based on the most recent survey with the exception of not exclusively heterosexual. Model 2: additionally adjusted for self-perceived stress (small, moderate, large, and overwhelming amount). Model 3: additionally adjusted for current social support (yes or no) and marital status (currently married or not). Model 4: additionally adjusted for sedentary lifestyle (yes or no), current smoker (yes or no) and substance abuse (yes or no). Model 5: adjusted for all variables in Models 1–4.

^aPoorer health defined as ≥4 of the past 30 days when poor mental health (repeated as physical) prevented usual daily activities, such as self-care, work, or recreation.

^bCategories include IPV and SA or SA alone.

95% CI, 95% confidence interval; HR-QOL, health-related quality of life; Ref., Referent Group; SA, sexual assault as an adult (>18) by someone other than an intimate partner.