Table 2. Demographic and clinical profile of ASPIRE-S stroke survivors at six months post-stroke by cognitive status (NINDS) at five years.
| Demographics, index stroke characteristics and clinical risk factors at five years | Not impaired | Cognitive impairment | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | ||||
|
Demographics @ 5 years |
Age (Mean, SD) | 66.2 (12.3) | 73.2 (11.9) | .006** |
| Male | 47 (71.2) | 22 (61.1) | .297 | |
| Married (vs. not married) | 45 (71.4) | 17 (50.0) | .036* | |
| TOAST classification | Large artery artherosclerosis | 10 (15.2) | 8 (22.2) | .364 |
| Cardioembolism | 20 (30.3) | 15 (41.7) | ||
| Small vessel occlusion | 11 (16.7) | 4 (11.1) | ||
| Other | 25 (37.9) | 9 (25.0) | ||
| Bamford classification | Total anterior circulation stroke | 4 (6.1) | 2 (5.6) | .901 |
| Partial anterior circulation stroke | 22 (33.3) | 15 (41.7) | ||
| Posterior circulation syndrome | 21 (31.8) | 9 (25.0) | ||
| Lacunar syndrome | 18 (27.3) | 9 (25.0) | ||
| Unclassifiable | 1 (1.5) | 1 (2.8) | ||
| Stroke severity | Moderate or severe | 9 (13.6) | 5 (13.9) | .972 |
| Disability @ 6 months | Moderate or severe | 9 (13.6) | 5 (13.9) | .972 |
|
Vascular risk factors @ 5 years |
Hypertension | 42 (63.6) | 25 (69.4) | .555 |
| Elevated total cholesterol | 20 (30.3) | 9 (25.7) | .628 | |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 8 (12.1) | 10 (29.4) | .033* | |
| Overweight/obese | 50 (76.9) | 24 (70.6) | .491 | |
| Smoker | 12 (18.2) | 4 (11.1) | .348 | |
| History of alcohol abuse | 14 (21.2) | 10 (27.8) | .455 | |
| Previous or recurrent stroke/TIA | 12 (18.2) | 15 (41.7) | .010* | |
| History of heart disease | 20 (30.3) | 14 (38.9) | .379 | |
| History of carotid stenosis | 8 (12.1) | 10 (27.8) | .047* | |
| History of atrial fibrillation | 28 (42.4) | 14 (38.9) | .729 | |
| Essen Stroke Risk Score (M, SD) | 2.4 (1.3) | 3.4 (1.7) | < .001*** | |
| Depression @ 5 years | Depressive symptoms | 13 (20.6) | 13 (38.2) | .062 |
*p < .05,
**p < .01,
***p < .001.