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The toxicity effects of AAS on the cardiovascular system. ↑: increase/enhance; ↓: decrease/inhibit. AAS: Anabolic-androgenic steroids; AR: Androgen receptor; cGMP: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; SR: Sarcoplasmic reticulum; TXA2: Thromboxane A2.
