Table 1. Demographic characteristics of study participants by sleep quality status.
| Variable | Value | Range | Possible range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD) | 74.5 (8.4) | 60–98 | - |
| No of male participants (%) | 77 (51.0) | - | - |
| No of Chinese participants (%) | 148 (98.0) | - | - |
| No of married participants (%) | 50 (37.6) | - | - |
| Participants with > primary schooling (%) | 67 (44.4) | - | - |
| Physical activity, moderate level | 35 (23.2) | - | - |
| Mean PSQI-Latency in min (SD) | 64.3 (39.9) | 5.0–183.0 | - |
| Mean PSQI-efficiency (SD) | 68.6 (20.5) | 15.5–100 | 0–100 |
| Mean PSQI-duration in min (SD) | 346.8 (90.6) | 120.0–600.0 | - |
| Mean PSQI-disturbances (SD) | 6.3 (2.1) | 0.0–12.0 | 0–27 |
| Mean PSQI-sleep quality (SD) | 1.1 (0.7) | 0.0–3.0 | 0.0–3.0 |
| Very good, n (%) | 23 (15.1) | - | - |
| Fairly good, n (%) | 97 (63.8) | - | - |
| Fairly bad, n (%) | 25 (16.4) | - | - |
| Very bad, n (%) | 7 (4.6) | - | - |
| Mean PSQI-daytime dysfunction (SD) | 2.9 (1.6) | 0.0–6.0 | 0.0–6.0 |
| PSQI-sleep medication | |||
| Not during the past month, n (%) | 136 (89.5) | - | - |
| Less than once a week, n (%) | 12 (7.9) | - | - |
| Once or twice a week, n (%) | 1 (0.7) | - | - |
| Three or more times a week, n (%) | 3 (2.0) | - | - |
| Mean PSQI-Total (SD) | 9.7 (2.7) | 4.0–15.0 | 0–21 |
| PSQI Classification 1 | |||
| Good sleep (0–5), n (%) | 7 (4.6) | - | - |
| Poor sleep (>5), n (%) | 145 (95.4) | - | - |
| PSQI Classification 2 | |||
| Normal Sleep Quality (NSQ), n (%) | 7 (4.6) | 0–5 | |
| Moderately Poor Sleep Quality (MPSQ), n (%) | 86 (56.6) | 5–10 | |
| Very Poor Sleep Quality (VPSQ), n (%) | 59 (38.8) | 10–21 |
PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index