Table 5.

Summary of outcome measures and results+

		Wang et al	Kaut et al	Conte et al	Tabbassum et al	Fonteyn et al	Im et al	Leonardi et al	de Oliveira et al 2018	de Oliveira et al 2015	Sawant and Gokhale 2015	Silva et al	D’Abreu et al	Assadi et al	Lei et al	Saute et alˆˆ	Schulte et al	Wessel et al	Zesiewicz et al	Shiga et al	Liu et al	Arpa et al	Giordano et al	Monte et al	Sanz-Gallego et al	Takei et al	Takei et al	Tsai et al	Yang et al	Berntsson et al	Lo et al
Impairment	ACRS																NS	NS
	BARS								NR
	ICARS						*							NS												*	*
	INAS		NS
	Leg pain questionnaire																									NR
	NESSCA											NS				NS
	SARA	*	*			*		*	NS			NS			*	NS			*BG			*	NS		*			NS			X
Activity	6MWT							*
	8MWT															NS							*
	ABC					NS
	Barthel Index											NS				NS
	BBS					NS			*	*	*																		*
	BEStest				*BG	NS
	BORG								NS
	CCFS															*BG
	CGI*																		NS
	CPET								*ˆ
	DGI								*
	EDSS																							NS
	EFAP					*
	Energy recovery/expenditure			*
	FIM/FIM-AM										*	NS
	Kinematic recordings			*
	ˆLimit of stability test	NR
	MFES (Falls)	NS
	Muscle coactivation (EMG)			*
	Obstacle avoidance success					*
	OLS																				*
	No of falls					NS
	Posturography															NS											*
	SCAFI	*													*BG						*
	Spatiotemporal gait parameters	NR		*			*	*
	Standing capacity																		*BG
	25FWT																		*BG
	10MWT					NS													*BG
	TGI/tandem steps																		*BG	SS
	Total length travelled																									*	*
	Treadmill inclination (%)								*
	TUG					NS
	UHDRS-IV																														X
	UPDRS																							NS
	Walking capacity																			NS
QOL#	BAI																		NS
	BDI															NS			*BG
	EQ-5D																						NS								X
	Experience of training Q					NR
	Hamilton rating scale											*
	KATZ ADL								NS
	PGI global impression															NS			NS
	PHQ-9																														X
	SDS																								NR	NR
	SF36										NS	NS						NR
	WHOQOL-Bref										X	NS

Symbols: *, significant difference within groups or significant difference presingle and postsingle group; *BG, significant difference between groups; *ˆ, significant difference in CEPT duration. No significant change in VE peak or VO2 max; ˆ, activity and impairment measure; #, includes measures for depression, well-being and overall health; +, Note: only outcome measures clinically relevant to function and mobility shown (ie imaging results for brain glucose metabolism and brain metabolite ratios have been excluded); X, relationship between variables assessed only. Nil intervention. See table 3 for findings.

ABC, Short version of Activities-specific Balance Scale; ACRS, Ataxia Clinical Rating Scale; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BARS, Brief Ataxia Rating Scale; BBS, Berg Balance Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BES test, Balance Evaluation System Test; BORG, Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale; CCFS, Composite Cerebellar Functional Score; CGI, Clinical Global Impression; CPET, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test; DGI, Dynamic Gait Index; EDSS, Extended Disability Status Scale of Kurtzke; EFAP, Emory Functional Ambulation Scale: Obstacle subtask; EQ-5D, EuroQol health related quality of life measure; FIM/FIM-AM, Functional Independence Measure + Functional Assessment Measure; 25FWT, 25-foot walk test; ICARS, International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale; INAS, Inventory of Non-Ataxia Symptoms; KATZ ADL, Katz index of independence in activities of daily living; MFES (Falls), Modified Falls Efficacy Scale; 6MWT, 6-min walk test; 8MWT, 8 metre walk test; 10MWT, Timed 10 min walk test; NESSCA, Neurological Examination Score for SCA; OLS, one leg standing; PGI, Patient Global Impression; PHQ-9, Patient health questionnaire; Q, questionnaire; QOL, quality of life; SARA, Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia; SCAFI, SCA Functional Index: Incudes 9HPT, 8MWT, PATA syllables within 10s test (PATA); SDS, Self-rating Depression Scale; SF-36, Short form 36 health survey; TUG, Timed Up and Go Test; UHDRS-IV, Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organisation Quality of Life Questionnaire.