Table 2.
Factors associated with long-term use of e-cigarettes or NRT by past-year smokers in England: cross-sectional data (n=8406)
| E-cigarettes | NRT | |||||
| % (n) long-term use | OR (95% CI ) p value | Adj OR (95% CI ) p value | % (n) long- term use | OR(95% CI ) p value | Adj OR (95% CI ) p value | |
| All adults* | 3.9 (327) | – | – | 1.3 (112) | – | – |
| Age in years | ||||||
| 16–34 | 2.6 (88) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.5 (15) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 35–54 | 4.9 (135) | 1.88 (1.43 to 2.47) <0.001 |
1.90 (1.44 to 2.52) <0.001 |
1.7 (46) | 3.72 (2.07 to 6.67) <0.001 |
3.47 (1.92 to 6.27) <0.001 |
| ≥55 | 4.3 (98) | 1.64 (1.22 to 2.19) 0.001 |
1.55 (1.12 to 2.13) 0.008 |
2.3 (52) | 5.10 (2.86 to 9.08) <0.001 |
5.21 (2.79 to 9.72) <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 1.3 (57) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.3 (57) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Women | 1.5 (56) | 0.96 (0.77 to 1.20) 0.702 |
1.00 (0.80 to 1.27) 0.974 |
1.4 (56) | 1.15 (0.79 to 1.66) 0.474 |
1.14 (0.78 to 1.68) 0.498 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-white | 3.4 (31) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.9 (8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| White | 3.9 (290) | 1.15 (0.79 to 1.68) 0.460 |
1.01 (0.68 to 1.50) 0.961 |
1.4 (105) | 1.62 (0.79 to 3.33) 0.192 |
1.33 (0.63 to 2.80) 0.459 |
| Social grade | ||||||
| ABC1 | 5.2 (167) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| C2DE | 3.0 (154) | 0.56 (0.45 to 0.70) <0.001 |
0.66 (0.52 to 0.84) 0.001 |
1.1 (58) | 0.65 (0.45 to 0.94) 0.022 |
0.71 (0.47 to 1.06) 0.091 |
| Region | ||||||
| North | 4.7 (147) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.0 (32) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Central | 3.4 (81) | 0.73 (0.55 to 0.96) 0.023 |
0.79 (0.59 to 1.04) 0.094 |
1.4 (33) | 1.38 (0.85 to 2.25) 0.197 |
1.52 (0.92 to 2.50) 0.100 |
| South | 3.2 (93) | 0.68 (0.52 to 0.88) 0.004 |
0.68 (0.52 to 0.90) 0.006 |
1.7 (48) | 1.64 (1.05 to 2.58) 0.030 |
1.76 (1.11 to 2.79) 0.016 |
| Level of education | ||||||
| Post-16 qualifications | 4.7 (214) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.4 (65) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No post-16 qualifications | 2.7 (107) | 0.57 (0.45 to 0.72) <0.001 |
0.63 (0.49 to 0.81) <0.001 |
1.2 (48) | 0.85 (0.59 to 1.24) 0.411 |
0.85 (0.56 to 1.27) 0.426 |
| Disability | ||||||
| No | 3.7 (260) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.2 (86) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 4.7 (61) | 1.29 (0.97 to 1.72) 0.079 |
1.22 (0.90: to .64) 0.197 |
2.1 (27) | 1.73 (1.12 to 2.67) 0.014 |
1.46 (0.93 to 2.29) 0.103 |
| Children in the household | ||||||
| 0 | 4.3 (240) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.5 (83) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥1 | 2.9 (81) | 0.66 (0.51 to 0.85) 0.001 |
0.68 (0.51 to 0.90) 0.007 |
1.1 (30) | 0.71 (0.47 to 1.08) 0.111 |
1.07 (0.66 to 1.72) 0.795 |
| Current smoking status | ||||||
| Current smoker | 3.8 (301) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.3 (106) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Recent (<1 year) ex-smoker | 3.7 (20) | 0.96 (0.61 to 1.52) 0.858 |
0.69 (0.43 to 1.11) 0.124 |
1.3 (7) | 0.95 (0.44 to 2.06) 0.904 |
0.69 (0.32 to 1.52) 0.361 |
| High-risk drinking | ||||||
| No | 3.7 (242) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.3 (84) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 4.2 (79) | 1.14 (0.88 to 1.48) 0.323 |
1.02 (0.78 to 1.35) 0.871 |
1.5 (29) | 1.20 (0.79 to 1.84) 0.396 |
1.52 (0.97 to 2.38) 0.065 |
| Time to first cigarette | ||||||
| 31 or more minutes | 3.8 (163) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.2 (53) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Within 30 min | 3.9 (158) | 1.02 (0.82 to 1.28) 0.833 |
1.07 (0.85 to 1.35) 0.581 |
1.5 (60) | 1.20 (0.83 to 1.74) 0.341 |
1.16 (0.79 to 1.70) 0.447 |
| Consistent motivation to stop | ||||||
| No | 2.6 (123) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.9 (41) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 5.4 (198) | 2.11 (1.68 to 2.66) <0.001 |
2.05 (1.63 to 2.60) <0.001 |
1.9 (72) | 2.27 (1.54 to 3.33) <0.001 |
2.33 (1.57 to 3.46) <0.001 |
The adjusted model includes all variables in the table and year of survey.
*This figure is weighted, and therefore, the effective N does not correspond precisely with the unweighted figures reported elsewhere in the table.
Adj OR, adjusted OR; NRT, nicotine replacement therapy.