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. 2019 Oct 11;10:2411. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02411

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Copyright © 2019 Solodushko, Bitko, Barrington and Fouty.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) The mCherry signal at the injection site of CT26.WT cells over time (normalized to the signal at day 2). Mice immunized with the DNA vaccine in which RSV-F is fused to the B. pseudomallei antigens Hcp1 and TssM (vac-C) eliminated tumor cells expressing the bacterial antigens more quickly than mice immunized with vaccines that did not include RSV-F, and non-immunized animals. Combining vac-B and vac-C [vacB/C] (Group 5, closed diamonds) resulted in the most rapid clearance (n = 6 animals per group) (Asterisks (*) are color coded to match each individual animal group; horizontal asterisks indicate no significant difference between groups at that particular time point; vertical asterisks indicate a significant difference between indicated groups at a p-value < 0.05). Antibody titers against Hcp1 and TssM (B) and IL-2 levels (C) in the sera of immunized mice 12 days after challenge with CT26.WT cells stably expressing Hcp1/TssM. “Control” represents antibody titers or IL-2 levels in non-immunized (PBS-treated) mice challenged with the same CT26.WT cells (n = 6, *P < 0.05). (D) In vitro cytotoxicity assay against CT26.WT cells expressing Hcp1/TssM. PBMC from the mice vaccinated with the combined vaccine vac-B/C showed the highest cytotoxic potential (~18% specific cytotoxicity). PBMC from animals immunized with DNA vaccine harboring the cytosolic antigen vac-A demonstrated the least amount of antigen specific cytotoxicity. Control, cytotoxicity of PBMC from non-immunized mice (n = 6, *P < 0.05).