Table 2.
Univariate analysis of 5‐year control and survival rates in the 229 study patients
| Risk factor (n) |
Locoregional control % (n event) |
p |
Distant metastasis % (n event) |
p |
Disease‐free survival % (n event) |
p |
Overall survival % (n event) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perineural invasion | 0.024 | 0.293 | 0.007 | 0.034 | |||||
| IPNI (153) | 81.7 (28) | 15.7 (24) | 74.5 (39) | 71.9 (43) | |||||
| EPNI (76) | 68.4 (24) | 21.1 (16) | 56.6 (33) | 56.6 (33) | |||||
| WPOI‐5 | 0.124 | 0.385 | 0.035 | 0.257 | |||||
| No (155) | 80.0 (31) | 16.1 (25) | 72.9 (42) | 69.0 (48) | |||||
| Yes (74) | 71.6 (21) | 10.3 (15) | 59.5 (30) | 62.2 (28) | |||||
| Sex | 0.471 | 0.462 | 0.347 | 0.436 | |||||
| Male (212) | 77.8 (47) | 17.0 (36) | 69.3 (65) | 67.5 (69) | |||||
| Female (17) | 70.6 (5) | 23.5 (4) | 58.8 (7) | 58.8 (7) | |||||
| Age, years | 0.297 | 0.614 | 0.591 | 0.144 | |||||
| <65 (193) | 78.2 (42) | 17.1 (30) | 68.9 (60) | 68.4 (61) | |||||
| ≥65 (36) | 72.2 (10) | 19.4 (7) | 67.7 (12) | 58.3 (15) | |||||
| Alcohol consumption | 0.861 | 0.559 | 0.421 | ||||||
| No (52) | 78.8 (11) | 19.2 (10) | 67.3 (17) | 0.719 | 63.5 (19) | ||||
| Yes (177) | 76.8 (41) | 16.9 (30) | 68.9 (55) | 67.8 (57) | |||||
| Betel quid chewing | 0.910 | 0.610 | 0.641 | 0.980 | |||||
| No (36) | 77.8 (8) | 13.9 (5) | 72.2 (10) | 66.7 (12) | |||||
| Yes (193) | 77.2 (44) | 18.1 (35) | 67.9 (62) | 66.8 (64) | |||||
| Cigarette smoking | 0.982 | 0.681 | 0.861 | 0.748 | |||||
| No (30) | 76.7 (7) | 20.0 (6) | 70.0 (9) | 70.0 (9) | |||||
| Yes (199) | 77.4 (45) | 17.1 (34) | 68.3 (63) | 66.3 (67) | |||||
| Pathologic T status | 0.320 | 0.001 | 0.016 | 0.001 | |||||
| pT1‐2 (72) | 79.2 (15) | 5.6 (4) | 77.8 (16) | 80.6 (14) | |||||
| pT3‐4 (157) | 76.4 (37) | 28.9 (36) | 64.3 (56) | 60.5 (62) | |||||
| Pathologic N status | 0.267 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| pN0‐1 (134) | 78.4 (29) | 6.7 (9) | 76.1 (32) | 79.1 (28) | |||||
| pN2‐3b (95) | 75.8 (23) | 32.6 (31) | 57.9 (40) | 49.5 (48) | |||||
| ENE | 0.390 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| No (157) | 77.7 (35) | 8.3 (13) | 75.2 (39) | 75.2 (39) | |||||
| Yes (72) | 76.4 (17) | 37.5 (27) | 54.2 (33) | 48.6 (37) | |||||
| Differentiation | 0.755 | <0.001 | 0.020 | 0.002 | |||||
| Well/moderate (185) | 76.2 (44) | 13.0 (24) | 71.4 (53) | 70.8 (52) | |||||
| Poor (44) | 81.8 (8) | 36.4 (16) | 56.8 (19) | 50.0 (22) | |||||
| Tumor depth | 0.770 | 0.004 | 0.262 | 0.025 | |||||
| <10 mm (64) | 73.4 (17) | 6.2 (4) | 71.9 (18) | 76.6 (15) | |||||
| ≥10 mm (165) | 78.8 (35) | 21.8 (36) | 67.3 (54) | 63.0 (61) | |||||
| Margins status | 0.294 | 0.046 | 0.298 | 0.265 | |||||
| ≤4 mm (38) | 71.1 (11) | 28.9 (11) | 60.5 (15) | 60.5 (15) | |||||
| >4 mm (191) | 78.5 (41) | 15.2 (29) | 70.2 (57) | 68.1 (61) | |||||
| Lymphatic invasion | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| No (209) | 79.9 (42) | 13.9 (29) | 71.8 (59) | 70.3 (77) | |||||
| Yes (20) | 50.0 (10) | 55.0 (11) | 35.0 (13) | 30.0 (13) | |||||
| Vascular invasion | 0.138 | 0.022 | 0.031 | 0.044 | |||||
| No (205) | 78.5 (44) | 15.6 (32) | 70.7 (60) | 68.8 (64) | |||||
| Yes (24) | 66.7 (8) | 33.3 (8) | 50.0 (12) | 50.0 (12) | |||||
Abbreviations: ENE, extranodal extension; EPNI, extratumoral perineural invasion; IPNI, intratumoral perineural invasion; WPOI‐5, worst pattern of invasion type‐5.