Table 2.
Novel drugs target microenvironment and stem cells
| Novel therapies | Characteristic | Mechanism | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
| PX‐478 | HIF‐1α inhibitor | CSCs | Enhance gemcitabine treatment in PC |
| Bethanechol | Muscarinic agonist | CSCs | Reduce pancreatic tumorigenesis and cancer stemness |
| Metformin | Oxidative metabolism modulator | CSCs | Cause fatal energy crisis in CSCs |
| 4‐MU | UGT competitor | TME | Reduce hyaluronan synthesis and cell migration in PC |
| Hyaluromycin | HYAL inhibitor | TME | Reduce hyaluronan synthesis and cell migration in PC |
| Minnelide | Prodrug of triptolide | TME | Reduce hyaluronan synthesis and cell migration in PC |
| GW4869 | Exosome release inhibitor | TME | Reduced survival of PC |
| Pasireotide | Somatostatin analogue | TME | Reduce PC chemoresistance |
| LB‐MSNP | GEM/PTX codeliverer/CDA inhibitor | Metabolism | Enhance PC chemosensitivity |
| Gambogic acid | RRM2 inhibitor | Metabolism | Enhance the efficacy of gemcitabine in PC |
| miR‐608 or miR‐101‐3p | RRM1 inhibitor | Metabolism | Enhance the efficacy of gemcitabine in PC |
| Astaxanthin and Sclareolide | RR and hENTs inhibitors | Metabolism | Enhance the efficacy of gemcitabine in PC |
| LY2603618 | RRM1/2 inhibitor | Metabolism | Enhance the efficacy of gemcitabine in PC |