Table 2.

Major effects ANOVA of the difference Δp = p₂₀₀₀ − p₁₈₀₀ of relative abundances, and of the correlation r_p-t between the relative abundances p in study year t and the study year as dependent and species traits as predictor variables pointed to the degree of ecological specialization (specialists, generalists) to influence changes in relative species abundances.

Factor	df	Δp		rp-t
		partial η2	P(F)	partial η2	P(F)
Family	6	0.12	<0.01	0.05	0.32
Biogeography	4	0.03	0.35	0.02	0.66
Diversity of habitats used	4	0.02	0.55	0.01	0.88
Habitat types	3	0.08	0.05	0.09	0.03
Diet breadth of the caterpillars	2	0.01	0.37	0.01	0.45
Dispersal	1	0.01	0.59	0.02	0.10
Degree of specialisation	1	0.07	<0.01	0.23	<0.0001
r2 (model)		0.38	<0.0001	0.49	<0.0001

Given are degrees of freedom (df_error = 123), partial η² values, parametric significances P(F), and the coefficient of determination r² of the whole model. As factors we consider the taxonomy (family), biogeography (western Palaearctic, continental, Mediterranean, alpine), diversity of habitats used, number of habitat types used, diet breadth of the caterpillars, dispersal behaviour, and degree of specialisation (generalist vs specialist).