Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the population at enrollment.
| CC (n = 66) | SMA (n = 160) | CM (n = 156) | CC vs. Severe Malaria P-value | CM vs. SMA P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years | 3.9 (2.8, 6.0) | 2.7 (2.0, 4.1) | 3.5 (2.6, 4.9) | 0.001* | 0.0004* |
| Female sex, (%) No. | 34 (51.5) | 59 (36.9) | 66 (42.3) | 0.073 | 0.323 |
| Weight-for-age z score | −0.9 (−1.4, −0.1) | −1.5 (−2.3, −0.7) | −1.2 (−1.9, −0.5) | 0.0004* | 0.045 |
| Height-for-age z score | −1.0 (−1.7, −0.2) | −1.0 (−1.8, −0.2) | −0.4 (−1.3, 0.7) | 0.621 | 0.006 |
| Weight-for-height z score | −0.3 (−0.8, 0.2) | −0.9 (−1.8, −0.2) | −1.4 (−2.0, −0.5) | <0.00001* | 0.689 |
| Socioeconomic status score | 9 (7, 11) | 9 (7, 11) | 9 (8, 12) | 0.350 | 0.664 |
| Sickle cell disease, No. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (10.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.052 | <0.0001* |
| HIV positive, No. (%) | 1 (1.5) | 4 (2.5) | 3 (2.0) | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Laboratory Characteristics | |||||
| Hemoglobin | 11.8 (10.8, 12.6) | 3.7 (3.0, 4.5) | 6.6 (5.1, 8.5) | <0.00001* | <0.00001* |
| WBC | 8.8 (6.5, 10.4) | 11.7 (8.9, 17.4) | 9.4 (6.7, 13.2) | <0.00001* | <0.00001* |
| Platelet count | 364 (260, 429) | 148 (93, 242) | 61 (34, 107) | <0.00001* | <0.00001* |
| Glucose | — | 6.4 (4.7, 8.2) | 6.7 (5.3, 8.9) | — | 0.143 |
| Lactate | — | 5.0 (3.0, 7.8) | 3.8 (2.0, 6.8) | — | 0.009 |
| Creatinine | 0.31 (0.26, 0.36) | 0.35 (0.27, 0.45) | 0.40 (0.30, 0.50) | 0.0001* | 0.012 |
| BUN | 7 (6, 10) | 13 (9, 20) | 17 (12, 25) | <0.00001* | 0.002* |
| Lactate dehydrogenase | 261 (234, 304) | 765 (607, 1053) | 829 (639, 1130) | <0.00001* | 0.168 |
| Total bilirubin | 0.2 (0.1, 0.3) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.0) | 1.7 (0.9, 3.0) | <0.00001* | 0.006 |
| Parasite density | 0 (0, 0) | 34760 (10040, 133720) | 41090 (13320, 294620) | <0.00001* | 0.023 |
| Plasma HRP2 | 4.8 (4.8, 59.4) | 867 (310, 2649) | 2658 (1009, 5398) | <0.00001* | <0.00001* |
Data presented as median (IQR) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: community children (CC), severe malarial anemia (SMA), cerebral malaria (CM), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hemoglobin, g/dL; white blood cell (WBC), ×103/μL; platelet count, ×103/μL; glucose, mmol/L; lactate, mmol/L; creatinine, mg/dL; blood urea nitrogen (BUN), mg/dL; lactate dehydrogenase, U/L; total bilirubin, mg/dL; parasite density, parasites/uL; plasma histidine rich protein 2 (HRP2), ng/mL.
*Significant following Holm’s adjustment for multiple comparisons (n = 36).