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. 2019 Oct 17;9:14901. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50166-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of CD44-ICD overexpression on bovine articular chondrocytes (BACs) de-differentiation. (A) BACs were transfected with plasmid DNA expressing CD44-ICD (pCMV/myc/cyto-CD44ICD) or empty plasmid as a control using an electroporator (NEPA21). A strong band of about 15 kD was observed in BACs transfected with the CD44-ICD plasmid, which was detected when probed with both anti-CD44 cytotail and anti-Myc antibodies, and SOX9 levels were reduced in these cells. (B) CD44-ICD overexpression significantly decreased the mRNA expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers (SOX9, aggrecan, and collagen type 2 [COL2]). In contrast, CD44-ICD overexpression significantly increased the mRNA expression of a chondrocyte de-differentiation marker (collagen type 1 [COL1]). Values are mean ± standard deviation from six independent experiments. *p < 0.05.