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. 2019 Oct 2;10:714. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00714

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Copyright © 2019 Dong, Baumeister, Berens, Eich and Tesarz

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The usage of treatment modalities within each class. All values are shown as % (n). The set of five different treatment classes were based on the German IBS treatment guidelines and clinic practices; values represent the percentage of participants who reported previous treatment attempts with the treatment classes. FODMAP, fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine. ^#Herbal teas, e.g., fennel anise caraway tea; psychotherapy, e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy; soluble fibers, e.g., psyllium seed husks; liquid nine herbs, e.g., STW-5; manual therapy, e.g., osteopathy, chiropractic; integrative mind–body therapy, e.g., yoga, tai chi.