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. 2019 Oct 9;12:241. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00241

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Social deficits and repetitive behaviors in Tbr1+/K228E mice. (A) Normal levels of social approach and social novelty recognition in Tbr1+/K228E mice (3 months; male) in the three-chamber test, as shown by time spent exploring social (S1) vs. object (O) targets for social approach, or old stranger (S1) vs. new stranger (S2) for social novelty, and the social preference index [i.e., (time spent in sniffing S1 − time spent in O)/total time spent (S1+O) × 100]. n = 9 mouse pairs for WT and HT (social approach), n = 10 mouse pairs for WT and HT (social novelty), ***P < 0.001, two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s test (for S-O or S2-S1 comparisons; multiple comparisons between S-S, S1-S1, or S2-S2 were not performed for the lack of genotype × target interactions), ns: not significant, Student’s t-test (preference index). (B) Suppressed direct social interaction in Tbr1+/K228E mice (3 months; male), as indicated by time spent in total interaction between age-, sex- and genotype-matched mouse pairs. n = 9 mouse pairs for WT and HT, **P < 0.01, ns: not significant, Mann–Whitney test. (C) Normal ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in Tbr1+/K228E pups (P5–9; male and female) separated from their mothers, as indicated by the number of emitted USVs and latency to first USV call. n = 12 pups (WT-P5), 9 (HT-P5), 15 (WT-P7), 16 (HT-P7), 15 (WT-P9) and 16 (HT-P9; number of calls), n = 12 (WT-P5), 9 (HT-P5), 15 (WT-P7), 15 (HT-P7), 15 (WT-P9) and 16 (HT-P9; latency to first call), ns, not significant, two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. (D,E) Enhanced self-grooming and rearing in Tbr1+/K228E mice (3 months; male) in Laboras cages, where mouse movements were monitored for 72 consecutive hours without prior habituation. n = 7 mice for WT and HT, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ns: not significant, two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test and Mann–Whitney test (light-on/off).