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. 2019 Jul 30;65(3):203–215. doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2019.1894

Table 4. Analysis of Variance and non-parametric tests results for QUS parameters.

      Between groups     95% CI (Mean difference)
QUS variables Bone status Mean±SD for χ2 p Multiple comparisons p Lower Upper
A) In women with osteoporosis or low bone mass (osteopenia) or those with ‘normal’ bones
QUI Sahara®     16.777 <0.001*        
OP 49 71.3±11.3     “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.003f -15.17 -2.67
OPN 45 80.2±11.5     “OP ” vs. “NML” <0.001f -22.50 -9.32
NML 37 87.2±15.7     “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.039f -13.71 -0.28
QUI T-score Sahara®     16.846 <0.001*        
OP 49 -1.85±0.64     “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.004f -0.64 -0.14
OPN 45 -1.36±0.65     “OP ” vs. “NML” <0.001f -1.28 -0.53
NML 37 -0.94±0.89     “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.029f 0.14 0.84
BUA Sahara®     18.308 <0.001**        
OP 49 57.1±11.1     “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.001$ - -
OPN 45 63.7±10.1     “OP ” vs. “NML” <0.001$ - -
NML 37 69.2±14.3     “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.119$ -  
SOS Sahara®     18.465 <0.001*        
OP 49 1508.8±17.8   “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.003f -24.36 -4.23
OPN 45 1523.1±19.1   “OP ” vs. “NML” <0.001f -37.65 -16.41
NML 37 1535.9±25.2   “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.017f -23.56 -1.92
eBMD Sahara®     16.507 <0.001*        
OP 49 0.375±0.072   “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.004f -0.093 -0.015
OPN 45 0.429±0.072   “OP ” vs. “NML” <0.001f -0.141 -0.058
NML 37 0.475±0.099   “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.030f -0.088 -0.004
Radial SOS Sunlight Omnisense®   5.429 0.005*        
OP 49 4042.7±162.2     “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.139f -137.4 14.7
OPN 45 4104.0±152.4     “OP ” vs. “NML” 0.004f -190.5 -30.0
NML 37 4152.9±149.6     “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.334f -130.7 32.8
Tibial SOS Sunlight Omnisense®   3.540 0.032*        
OP   3726.0±129.3     “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.948f -75.95 58.26
OPN 45 3734.9±156.2     “OP ” vs. “NML” 0.037f -145.31 -3.74
NML 37 3800.6±121.3     “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.082f -137.81 6.45
Phalangeal SOS Sunlight Omnisense® OP 28 3952.0±243.3 0.438 0.647* “OP” vs. “OPN” NA    
OPN 45 3939.8±230.3     “OP ” vs. “NML” NA - -
NML 37 4015.4±256.7     “OPN” vs. “NML” NA - -
B) In men with osteoporosis or low bone mass
QUI Sahara®     14.680 0.001**        
OP 37 77.2±10.8     “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.001## - -
OPN 36 87.5±13.9     “OP ” vs. “NML” 0.001## - -
NML 36 87.1±16.8     “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.366## - -
QUI T-score Sahara®     14.869 0.001**        
OP 37 -1.82±0.63     “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.001## - -
OPN 36 -1.20±0.83     “OP ” vs. “NML” 0.001## - -
NML 36 -1.22±0.99     “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.309## - -
BUA Sahara®     7.845 0.020**        
OP 37 65.7±10.7     “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.013## - -
OPN 36 73.2±10.9     “OP ” vs. “NML” 0.026## - -
NML 36 70.8±16.9     “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.456## - -
SOS Sahara®     17.023 <0.001**        
OP 37 1513.8±16.4   “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.001## - -
OPN 36 1532.2±23.5   “OP ” vs. “NML” <0.001## - -
NML 36 1533.4±26.1   “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.244## - -
eBMD Sahara®     15.537 <0.001**        
OP 37 0.410±0.067   “OP” vs. “OPN” 0.001## - -
OPN 36 0.477±0.088   “OP ” vs. “NML” 0.001## - -
NML 36 0.474±0.106   “OPN” vs. “NML” 0.366## - -
Radial SOS Sunlight Omnisense®   0.043 0.958*        
OP 37 4052.2±228.9     “OP” vs. “OPN” NA - -
OPN 36 4061.6±131.6     “OP ” vs. “NML” NA - -
NML 36 4063.3±146.8     “OPN” vs. “NML” NA - -
Tibial SOS Sunlight Omnisense®   1.507 0.226*        
OP 37 3846.8±113.4     “OP” vs. “OPN” NA - -
OPN 36 3886.1±104.4     “OP ” vs. “NML” NA - -
NML 36 3884.2±109.8     “OPN” vs. “NML” NA - -
Phalangeal SOS Sunlight Omnisense® OP 32 3958.3±162.7 0.050 0.952* “OP” vs. “OPN” NA    
OPN 31 3944.9±169.1     “OP ” vs. “NML” NA - -
NML 32 3951.3±174.3   “OPN” vs. “NML” NA - -
ANOVA: Analysis of Variance; QUS: Quantitative ultrasound; QUI: Quantitative Ultrasound Index; SD: Standard deviation; OP: Osteoporosis; OPN: Osteopenia; NML: Normal;BUA: Broadband ultrasound attenuation; SOS: Speed of sound; eBMD: Estimated heel bone mineral density; NA: Not applicable; p values for * ANOVA test; ** Kruskal-Wallis test, f Tukey test; $ Mann-Whitney U test.