Effect of recVP1u and Gb4 antibody in virus binding and NS1 expression in wild-type cells. (A to C) Quantification of B19V binding to wild-type cells in the presence of chicken anti-Gb4 (A), recVP1u (ΔC128 mutant; 70 ng) (B), or both (C). (D and E) NS1 mRNA expression was quantified 24 h postinfection in the presence of anti-Gb4 (D) or recVP1u (ΔC128 mutant; 70 ng) (E). NS1 mRNA was quantified after 1 h as background control. Normal chicken IgY and truncated recVP1 (ΔN29 mutant; 70 ng), lacking the receptor-binding domain, were used as controls. *, P < 0.05; ns, no significant difference.