Table 2.

SMK had indications of disrupted energy metabolism.

Biochemical name	Fold of change (plasma)						Fold of change (urine)
	SMK	P value	SMK	P value	MSC	P value	SMK	P value	SMK	P value	MSC	P value
	NTC		MSC		NTC		NTC		MSC		NTC
Glycolysis
1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG)	0.9	.034	0.93	.184	0.97	.312	1.32	.026	1.18	.268	1.12	.199
Pyruvate	1.04	.856	1.03	.850	1.01	.991	0.77	.021	0.72	.003	1.08	.501
Lactate	1.09	.148	1.04	.409	1.04	.625	1.62	.046	1.1	.750	1.47	.006
Glucose	1.07	.503	0.97	.459	1.1	.067	1.76	.169	0.96	.720	1.84	.061
TCA cycle
Citrate	0.9	.018	0.97	.691	0.92	.077	0.9	.255	0.96	.858	0.94	.379
Succinylcarnitine	0.94	.390	1.01	.943	0.93	.329	0.82	.004	0.83	.028	0.99	.688
2-methylcitrate							0.78	.006	0.84	.078	0.93	.365
Itaconate							0.84	.044	0.82	.064	1.03	.995
Succinate	0.92	.292	0.87	.112	1.06	.570	0.71	.099	0.7	.028	1.01	.698
Malate	0.83	.094	0.94	.917	0.88	.151	1.21	.560	0.94	.257	1.29	.057
NADH/NADPH metabolism
Nicotinate							2.04	.002	2.04	.001	1	.724
Quinolinate							0.77	.012	0.77	.125	1	.503
Trigonelline (N’-methylnicotinate)	1.25	.293	1.4	.049	0.89	.319	1.74	.019	1.7	.006	1.02	.617
Nicotinamide	0.93	.690	0.92	.417	1.01	.721	0.86	.099	0.82	.014	1.05	.508

The statistical significance P < .05 is highlighted by shaded fold of change values; bolded fold of change values indicates .05 < P < .1. Abbreviations: MSC, moist snuff consumers; NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NTC, non-tobacco consumers; SMK, cigarette smokers; TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle.