Table 3.

Summary of previous studies and patency rates

Study (year)	Technique	Number of patients	Patency rate
Kumar et al., 2006[13]	Longitudinal VE	29	48% (at 3 months)
Neto et al., 2016[14]	Longitudinal intussusception microscopic VE	754	81% (at 3 months)
Huang et al., 2017[15]	Two stitch longitudinal intussusception	96	79.5% (at 6 months)
Silber, 1989[16]	Specific tubule direct VE	190	78%
Berger, 1998[7]	Triangulation end-to-side VE	12	92% (at 3 months)
Marmar, 2000[8]	Simultaneous two suture (modified bilateral VE, n=9; combined unilateral VE with unilateral vasovasostomy, n=7)	16	81.3 (at 3 months)
Zhao et al., 2013[17]	Modified single-arm suture	17	58.8% (at 3 months)
Present study	Intussusception technique of microscopic VE by taking only adventitia of epididymal tubule	40	62.5% (at 3 months)

VE: Vasoepididymostomy