Table 4.

Strategies for modifying diet and physical activity

Strategies		Strategies derived from BCT or IM taxonomy		Precontemplation Stage		Contemplation Stage				Action stage and Maintenance stage				Number of evidence-based methods (N = 61)
		BCT	IM Taxonomy	Risk perception	Outcome expectation	Action planning	Action self-efficacy	Coping self-efficacy	Coping planning	Behavioral enjoyment	Effectiveness perception	Social support	Maintenance self-efficacy
1	Psychological cues			√	√		√	√	√				√	12
2	Visualization			√	√		√				√			6
3	Peer impact			√	√							√		5
4	Fear arousal		√	√	√									5
5	Dynamic monitoring and individualized, immediate feedback	√	√	√				√					√	2
6	Increase knowledge interestingly	√			√		√							2
7	Re-attribution	√	√		√									1
8	Personalized action planning	√				√								1
9	Friendly reminders					√								1
10	Role model/modelling		√				√	√				√	√	5
11	Authority influence						√							1
12	Comparison of behavior						√							1
13	Decisional balance						√							1
14	Easy-to-do						√							1
15	Encourage						√							1
16	Increase self-control						√							1
17	Self-affirmation		√				√							1
18	Self-reevaluation		√				√							1
19	Social support	√					√							2
20	Increase sense of control						√							3
21	Public commitment		√				√							1
22	Step by step						√							1
23	Experience of success or enjoyment	√						√		√			√	4
24	Accept							√					√	1
25	Increase sense of experience							√					√	3
26	Increase sense of gain							√					√	1
27	Increase sense of success							√					√	1
28	Individualization								√					1
29	Considerate service											√		1
30	Family impact											√		1
31	Stimulate interest													1

BCT Behavior Change Techniques, IM Intervention Mapping