Table 4.
Mutually adjusted logistic regression analysis for pathological upgrading after RP
| Characteristic | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.022 (1.016–1.028) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative PSA | 1.026 (1.022–1.031) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative biopsy ISUP Grade Group | ||
| 1 (reference) | 1 | |
| 2 | 0.123 (0.112–0.135) | < 0.001 |
| 3 | 0.057 (0.049–0.065) | < 0.001 |
| 4 | 0.085 (0.072–0.101) | < 0.001 |
| 5 | 0.030 (0.023–0.039) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative clinical stage | ||
| T1 (reference) | 1 | |
| T2 | 1.231 (1.120–1.353) | < 0.001 |
| T3 | 1.990 (1.774–2.232) | < 0.001 |
| T4 | 1.199 (0.275–5.237) | 0.809 |
| Year of surgery | ||
| 2011 (reference) | 1 | |
| 2012 | 0.930 (0.749–1.156) | 0.514 |
| 2013 | 1.084 (0.896–1.311) | 0.408 |
| 2014 | 0.851 (0.710–1.021) | 0.082 |
| 2015 | 0.935 (0.782–1.118) | 0.462 |
| 2016 | 0.908 (0.759–1.086) | 0.289 |
| Region | ||
| A | 0.792 (0.403–1.556) | 0.498 |
| B | 1.077 (0.857–1.353) | 0.526 |
| C | 1.071 (0.906–1.265) | 0.421 |
| D | 0.980 (0.834–1.152) | 0.808 |
| E | 0.886 (0.704–1.115) | 0.303 |
| F | 1.152 (0.984–1.348) | 0.078 |
| G | 0.891 (0.743–1.068) | 0.210 |
| H | 1.980 (0.840–4.669) | 0.118 |
| I | 1.299 (0.688–2.452) | 0.420 |
| J (reference)a | 1 | |
| K | 0.830 (0.706–0.976) | 0.024 |
| L | 0.863 (0.731–1.020) | 0.084 |
| M | 0.837 (0.678–1.033) | 0.098 |
| N | 1.132 (0.963–1.330) | 0.133 |
| O | 0.995 (0.741–1.338) | 0.976 |
| P | 0.654 (0.477–0.897) | 0.008 |
aRegion J chosen as a reference owing to largest number of patients