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. 2019 Oct 11;13:442. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00442

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Copyright © 2019 Kong, Wang, Yang, Huang, Han, Yin, Liu, He and Peng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of TRPV1 in inhibiting the microglial TGF-β1 signaling via TLR4 after hyperthermia-induction seizures. (1) TRPV1 is upregulated and trafficked to the membrane from microglia; (2) TRPV1 leads to excessive Ca²⁺ influx in microglia and promotes microglia polarization; (3) TRPV1 activation triggers marked proliferation, migration, morphology changes and inflammatory responses; and (4) increased microglial TRPV1 inhibited TGF-β1 signaling and Arg1 and Ym1 via interaction with TLR4. Consistently, TRPV1^−/− have the microglial M2 phenotype.