Table 1.

Three approaches to improving patient engagement in research

Type of strategy	Description	Timing of consent activities
Universal or broad consent	Patients give authorization to use their data or residual tissue for future studies	Consent is sought at the time of intake for new patients or before a procedure
Patient registry	Patients submit their information online to be contacted about future research	Consent is sought onsite during their appointment or online at any time
Patient portal	Research appears as an option on patients’ tethered health app, may be linked with health record	Consent is sought onsite during their appointment or online at any time