Table 4.
Innovation and entrepreneurship (I&E) topics that reached consensus, by panel
| Panel 1 | Panel 2 | Panel 3 | Panel 4 | Panel 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Management | Vision and imagination | Social skills | Psychological skills | Ethical and decision-making skills | |
| Consensus for both entre- and intra-preneurs | Team management skills. Goal setting. Decision making skills. Self-management skills. Project management skills |
Communication skills to illicit different perspectives. Identify assumptions of business plan. Problem formulation strategies. Know the state of your industry. How to screen ideas. How to think divergently and come up with many solutions |
Formal presentation skills. Active listening skills. Give and receive feedback. Conflict resolution. Goal setting. Team dynamics. Improvisational dialogue skills. Courtesy skills. How to develop meaningful interpersonal relationships. How to be assertive. Awareness of your emotions and ability to control your reactions to those emotions |
Make the most of your strengths and capabilities. How to deal with failure. Methods to measure progress to inform future decisions. Self-management skills. Networking skills. Use goal setting as motivational strategy. Grit and perseverance. Be aware of cognitive biases. Develop team trust. Experimental skills to test hypotheses. How to anticipate problems. How to coach others |
How to recognize and take stock of your circumstances. How to ethically interact with patients. Ethical interactions with industry and institutions. Ethical pragmatism. Intellectual property issues. Questioning your own and other’s judgment: understanding biases. Know unmet health needs. Develop an experimental mind-set. Know how to interact ethically with other professionals |
| Consensus for entrepreneurs only | Knowledge of the different types of funding sources, and how and when to apply for them. Team building. How to define the resources you need for your venture. Facilitation skills. Fundamentals of product adoption. Fundamentals of intellectual property. Fundamentals of product approval. How to pitch an idea or otherwise build, improve, and defend business cases. How to create a business plan. How to work with outside partners and institutions |
How to identify your minimum viable product (MVP). How to perform market research. Understand what inspires and motivates you to act. Interview techniques for different audiences. Know what investors want to see before investing. Know market trends and underlying models of supply and demand. Know entrepreneurial ventures in your field. How to find uses for existing technologies |
Networking skills. Survival skills such as resilience, managing change, and risk management. Negotiating skills. How to build a personal brand. How to utilize body language effectively. How to create and deliver elevator pitches. Establish norms and expectation of the team |
Self-efficacy. Person-environment fit |
Resiliency skills. Seek outside help to make decisions. Establish your central vision and refer back to it to guide decision making. Anticipate worst case and most likely consequences of your actions. Implementation considerations, being thrifty when expanding in new directions. Stay up to date with global issues. Know a framework for rational economic decision making, such as Net Present Value |
| Consensus for intrapreneurs only | How to lead when you don’t have a position of authority. How to “manage up” |
Give/receive feedback. Sense-making within teams. Emotional intelligence: manage your own and others emotions |
Conflicts of interest and ethical issues underlying them. Moral reasoning. Cross-cultural communication |