Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the proposed pMUT array for localized ultrasound stimulation.

a schematic diagram of the pMUT array for ultrasound stimulation on the cell culture plate. A neuron-astrocyte cocultured coverslip located on the pMUT array; b conceptual diagram of the localized stimulation showing that cells were stimulated only by ultrasound from an activated transducer; unstimulated cells are bright yellow (left), and stimulated cells are pink (right); c cross-section of the bottom view of the pMUT unit; d cross-section of the top view of the pMUT unit