Table 1. Reproducibility of the model.

Models were trained on the FINRISK training data set in a cross-validation loop, which results in a BFP cross validation MAE. Fitting the model on all the training data, using the best performing parameter set, results in a training MAE, testing the model on the hold out test data gives the testing error, and applying the model to the independent MDC-CC data set results in the validation error. See S7 Table for results of all models.

MAE (BFP)	Data set	n	MAE
Cross validation	FINRISK	796	3.61 ± 0.33
Training	FINRISK	796	3.33
Testing	FINRISK	206	3.84
Validation	MDC-CC	250	3.67

Abbreviations: BFP, body fat percentage; MAE, mean absolute error; MDC-CC, Malmö Diet and Cancer Cardiovascular Cohort