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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 18.
Published in final edited form as: JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017 Nov 27;10(22):2307–2316. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2017.08.026

Table 1:

Patient demographic and clinical history characteristics by PAD severity category as defined by the ankle-brachial index.

Severe Mild-moderate Normal Non-compressible
ABI ≤ 0.4 0.4 < ABI ≤ 0.9 0.9 < ABI ≤ 1.4 ABI > 1.4
N=880 N=3,171 N=1,280 N=653 P-value*
Demographics
Male gender 464 (52.7%) 1780 (56.1%) 788 (61.6%) 429 (65.7%)  < 0.001§
Age 70.13 (11.80) 69.45 (11.69) 67.79 (12.22) 71.36 (12.19)  < 0.001§#
Body mass index 27.23 (5.90) 28.11 (6.06) 28.54 (6.01) 28.89 (6.77)  < 0.001*
Race  0.641
 White 682 (77.5%) 2401 (75.7%) 954 (74.5%) 502 (76.9%)
 Black 174 (19.8%) 676 (21.3%) 292 (22.8%) 130 (19.9%)
 Other 24 (2.7%) 94 (3.0%) 34 (2.7%) 21 (3.2%)
ZIP poverty rate  0.940
 10% or less 197 (24.0%) 671 (22.6%) 290 (24.1%) 147 (23.8%)
 11% to 19% 313 (38.1%) 1128 (38.0%) 449 (37.3%) 231 (37.4%)
 20% or more 311 (37.9%) 1169 (39.4%) 464 (38.6%) 240 (38.8%)
ZIP population density  0.028
 Urban 499 (60.8%) 1969 (66.3%) 816 (67.8%) 99 (16.0%)
 Suburban 167 (20.3%) 505 (17.0%) 195 (16.2%) 122 (19.7%)
 Rural 155 (18.9%) 495 (16.7%) 192 (16.0%) 397 (64.2%)
Clinical history
Smoking status  < 0.001*§#
 Never 124 (14.1%) 541 (17.1%) 276 (21.6%) 214 (32.8%)
 Past 400 (45.5%) 1468 (46.3%) 561 (43.8%) 336 (51.5%)
 Current 356 (40.5%) 1162 (36.6%) 443 (34.6%) 103 (15.8%)
Hypertension 815 (92.6%) 2890 (91.1%) 1154 (90.2%) 614 (94.0%)  0.017#
Hyperlipidemia 732 (83.2%) 2683 (84.6%) 1062 (83.0%) 556 (85.1%)  0.402
Diabetes mellitus 447 (50.8%) 1716 (54.1%) 692 (54.1%) 480 (73.5%)  < 0.001#
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 293 (33.3%) 1043 (32.9%) 348 (27.2%) 173 (26.5%)  < 0.001§
History of TIA/CVA 304 (34.5%) 958 (30.2%) 328 (25.6%) 199 (30.5%)  < 0.001§
Renal failure currently requiring dialysis 58 (6.6%) 165 (5.2%) 78 (6.1%) 143 (21.9%)  < 0.001#
History of renal transplant 3 (0.3%) 24 (0.8%) 13 (1.0%) 32 (4.9%)  < 0.001#
Family hist. of premature CAD 135 (15.3%) 510 (16.1%) 218 (17.0%) 92 (14.1%)  0.378
History of CAD 462 (52.5%) 1679 (52.9%) 682 (53.3%) 390 (59.7%)  0.013#
 Prior PCI 206 (23.4%) 844 (26.6%) 353 (27.6%) 186 (28.5%)  0.094
 Prior CABG 193 (21.9%) 691 (21.8%) 255 (19.9%) 188 (28.8%)  < 0.001#
Prior CHF 213 (24.2%) 743 (23.4%) 289 (22.6%) 253 (38.7%)  < 0.001#
Significant valve disease 62 (7.0%) 231 (7.3%) 75 (5.9%) 78 (11.9%)  < 0.001#
Prior PVI 116 (17.6%) 484 (20.0%) 197 (20.2%) 97 (18.5%)  0.495
Prior surgical revascularization 92 (12.1%) 222 (7.6%) 86 (7.3%) 38 (6.7%)  < 0.001*

P-values provide ANOVA or chi-square test across all symptom categories. Symbols indicate statistical significance for pairwise Bonferroni corrected (P < 0.008) comparisons:

*

severe vs. mild-moderate;

severe vs. normal;

severe vs. noncompressible;

§

mild-moderate vs. normal;

mild-moderate vs. noncompressible;

#

normal vs. noncompressible.

Abbreviations: CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD = coronary artery disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA = cerebrovascular accident; CHF = congestive heart failure; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PVI = percutaneous vascular intervention; TIA = transient ischemic attack.