Table 1:
Severe | Mild-moderate | Normal | Non-compressible | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABI ≤ 0.4 | 0.4 < ABI ≤ 0.9 | 0.9 < ABI ≤ 1.4 | ABI > 1.4 | ||
N=880 | N=3,171 | N=1,280 | N=653 | P-value* | |
Demographics | |||||
Male gender | 464 (52.7%) | 1780 (56.1%) | 788 (61.6%) | 429 (65.7%) | < 0.001†‡§‖ |
Age | 70.13 (11.80) | 69.45 (11.69) | 67.79 (12.22) | 71.36 (12.19) | < 0.001†§‖# |
Body mass index | 27.23 (5.90) | 28.11 (6.06) | 28.54 (6.01) | 28.89 (6.77) | < 0.001*†‡‖ |
Race | 0.641 | ||||
White | 682 (77.5%) | 2401 (75.7%) | 954 (74.5%) | 502 (76.9%) | |
Black | 174 (19.8%) | 676 (21.3%) | 292 (22.8%) | 130 (19.9%) | |
Other | 24 (2.7%) | 94 (3.0%) | 34 (2.7%) | 21 (3.2%) | |
ZIP poverty rate | 0.940 | ||||
10% or less | 197 (24.0%) | 671 (22.6%) | 290 (24.1%) | 147 (23.8%) | |
11% to 19% | 313 (38.1%) | 1128 (38.0%) | 449 (37.3%) | 231 (37.4%) | |
20% or more | 311 (37.9%) | 1169 (39.4%) | 464 (38.6%) | 240 (38.8%) | |
ZIP population density | 0.028† | ||||
Urban | 499 (60.8%) | 1969 (66.3%) | 816 (67.8%) | 99 (16.0%) | |
Suburban | 167 (20.3%) | 505 (17.0%) | 195 (16.2%) | 122 (19.7%) | |
Rural | 155 (18.9%) | 495 (16.7%) | 192 (16.0%) | 397 (64.2%) | |
Clinical history | |||||
Smoking status | < 0.001*†‡§‖# | ||||
Never | 124 (14.1%) | 541 (17.1%) | 276 (21.6%) | 214 (32.8%) | |
Past | 400 (45.5%) | 1468 (46.3%) | 561 (43.8%) | 336 (51.5%) | |
Current | 356 (40.5%) | 1162 (36.6%) | 443 (34.6%) | 103 (15.8%) | |
Hypertension | 815 (92.6%) | 2890 (91.1%) | 1154 (90.2%) | 614 (94.0%) | 0.017# |
Hyperlipidemia | 732 (83.2%) | 2683 (84.6%) | 1062 (83.0%) | 556 (85.1%) | 0.402 |
Diabetes mellitus | 447 (50.8%) | 1716 (54.1%) | 692 (54.1%) | 480 (73.5%) | < 0.001‡‖# |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 293 (33.3%) | 1043 (32.9%) | 348 (27.2%) | 173 (26.5%) | < 0.001†‡§‖ |
History of TIA/CVA | 304 (34.5%) | 958 (30.2%) | 328 (25.6%) | 199 (30.5%) | < 0.001†§ |
Renal failure currently requiring dialysis | 58 (6.6%) | 165 (5.2%) | 78 (6.1%) | 143 (21.9%) | < 0.001‡‖# |
History of renal transplant | 3 (0.3%) | 24 (0.8%) | 13 (1.0%) | 32 (4.9%) | < 0.001‡‖# |
Family hist. of premature CAD | 135 (15.3%) | 510 (16.1%) | 218 (17.0%) | 92 (14.1%) | 0.378 |
History of CAD | 462 (52.5%) | 1679 (52.9%) | 682 (53.3%) | 390 (59.7%) | 0.013‡‖# |
Prior PCI | 206 (23.4%) | 844 (26.6%) | 353 (27.6%) | 186 (28.5%) | 0.094 |
Prior CABG | 193 (21.9%) | 691 (21.8%) | 255 (19.9%) | 188 (28.8%) | < 0.001‡‖# |
Prior CHF | 213 (24.2%) | 743 (23.4%) | 289 (22.6%) | 253 (38.7%) | < 0.001‡‖# |
Significant valve disease | 62 (7.0%) | 231 (7.3%) | 75 (5.9%) | 78 (11.9%) | < 0.001‡‖# |
Prior PVI | 116 (17.6%) | 484 (20.0%) | 197 (20.2%) | 97 (18.5%) | 0.495 |
Prior surgical revascularization | 92 (12.1%) | 222 (7.6%) | 86 (7.3%) | 38 (6.7%) | < 0.001*†‡ |
P-values provide ANOVA or chi-square test across all symptom categories. Symbols indicate statistical significance for pairwise Bonferroni corrected (P < 0.008) comparisons:
severe vs. mild-moderate;
severe vs. normal;
severe vs. noncompressible;
mild-moderate vs. normal;
mild-moderate vs. noncompressible;
normal vs. noncompressible.
Abbreviations: CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD = coronary artery disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA = cerebrovascular accident; CHF = congestive heart failure; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PVI = percutaneous vascular intervention; TIA = transient ischemic attack.