Table 1.
Frequency of socio-demographic characteristics, recent health care access and utilization, substance use, chronic and mental health conditions, stratified by depression and reported treatment at index visit among 1,544 former and current people who inject drugs contributing 17,986 visits from the ALIVE study in Baltimore, Maryland, 2005-16
| Not Depressed | Depressed Treated | Depressed Not treated | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (individuals) | 933 | 441 | 170 |
| Median age (IQR), in years1 | 48 (43-53) | 47 (40-52) | 47 (39-51) |
| Female | 251 (27) | 204 (46) | 63 (37) |
| African-American | 854 (92) | 341 (77) | 134 (79) |
| N (visits)2 | 17986 | 5208 | 1987 |
| Homeless | 830 (8) | 867 (17) | 404 (20) |
| Low Income (<5k/year) | 7291 (69) | 3905 (76) | 1531 (80) |
| Disability | 4529 (42) | 3111 (60) | 879 (44) |
| Health Insurance | 8649 (80) | 4816 (93) | 1538 (77) |
| Usual source of primary care | 8851 (82) | 4870 (94) | 1557 (78) |
| See same doctor (90% of the time) | 7837 (73) | 4525 (87) | 1344 (68) |
| Inpatient visit | 953 (9) | 958 (19) | 291 (15) |
| Outpatient visit | 6487 (60) | 4298 (83) | 1154 (58) |
| Emergency room visit | 2151 (20) | 1783 (34) | 594 (30) |
| Cigarette smoking | 8326 (77) | 4290 (82) | 1646 (83) |
| Frequency of cigarette use | |||
| None | 2454 (23) | 914 (18) | 340 (17) |
| < 1 pack/day | 6141 (57) | 314 (61) | 1027 (52) |
| >=1 pack/day | 2109 (20) | 1109 (21) | 592 (30) |
| Any alcohol use | 5294 (49) | 2396 (46) | 1214 (61) |
| Frequency of alcohol use | |||
| None | 5496 (51) | 2812 (54) | 773 (39) |
| < Daily | 4723 (44) | 2149 (41) | 1015 (13) |
| Daily | 571 (5) | 247 (5) | 199 (10) |
| Any injection drug use | 2907 (27) | 1660 (32) | 903 (45) |
| Frequency of injection | |||
| None | 7880 (73) | 3544 (68) | 1082 (55) |
| <Daily | 1585 (15) | 1006 (19) | 428 (22) |
| Daily | 1322 (12) | 654 (13) | 475 (24) |
| Non-injection heroin or cocaine | 3175 (29) | 2268 (44) | 1101 (55) |
| Crack use | 2014 (19) | 1668 (30) | 763 (38) |
| Marijuana use | 1715 (16) | 964 (19) | 462 (23) |
| Any injection/non-injection use | 4362 (40) | 2700 (52) | 1290 (65) |
| Any alcohol or drug treatment | 3056 (28) | 2592 (50) | 782 (39) |
| Non-fatal overdose3 | |||
| No drug use | 7648 (71) | 3363 (65) | 1013 (51) |
| Drug use/no overdose | 2889 (27) | 1576 (30) | 802 (41) |
| Drug use/overdose | 230 (2) | 243 (5) | 163 (8) |
| Moderate/severe body pain | 2702 (25) | 2514 (48) | 1038 (52) |
| HIV-negative | 7779 (72) | 3308 (64) | 1429 (72) |
| HIV-positive/undetectable VL | 1567 (15) | 1038 (20) | 224 (11) |
| HIV-positive/detectable VL | 1390 (13) | 830 (16) | 321 (16) |
| Diabetes treatment | 994 (9) | 769 (15) | 192 (10) |
| Hypertension treatment | 4124 (38) | 2288 (44) | 662 (34) |
| High cholesterol treatment | 984 (9) | 576 (11) | 114 (6) |
| Suicidal risk | |||
| None | 10580 (98) | 4306 (83) | 1715 (87) |
| Thoughts/no plan | 138 (1) | 548 (11) | 178 (9) |
| Thoughts/plan | 59 (1) | 326 (6) | 85 (4) |
| Anxiety treatment | 162 (2) | 2370 (46) | 62 (3) |
| Schizophrenia treatment | 21 (<1) | 536 (10) | 19 (1) |
| Ever hospitalized for mental health | 672 (6) | 2138 (41) | 327 (16) |
Data reflect n (%) unless otherwise indicated
1
From the index visit
2
All characteristics from the prior 6 months
3
Overdose assessed only among those reporting injection drug use prior to 2014