Table 2.
Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of the association between recent (prior 6 months) socio-demographic characteristics, health care access and utilization, substance use, and chronic condition factors, and subsequent depression treatment from n=590 depressed/not treated; and subsequent drug treatment from n=774 with active opioid use/no drug treatment
| Depression Treatment Adjusted1 OR (95% CI) N(individuals)=590 N(visits)=1793 |
Drug Treatment Adjusted1 OR (95% CI) N(individuals)=774 N(visits) = 2930 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic characteristics (prior 6 months) | ||
| Homeless | 1.34 (1.04-1.72) | 1.39 (1.14-1.69) |
| Low income (<5K) | 1.28 (0.99-1.66) | 1.19 (0.99-1.31) |
| Disability | 1.12 (0.97-1.01) | 0.92 (0.77-1.11) |
| Health insurance | 1.50 (1.15-1.96) | 0.89 (0.74-1.07) |
| Health care access and utilization (prior 6 months) | ||
| Usual source of primary care | 1.15 (0.89-1.49) | 0.93 (0.77-1.12) |
| See same doctor (90% of the time) | 1.22 (0.98-1.53) | 0.82 (0.70-0.98) |
| Inpatient visit | 1.12 (0.86-1.44) | 1.24 (0.99-1.55) |
| Outpatient visit | 1.22 (1.00-1.49) | 0.88 (0.76-1.03) |
| Emergency room visit | 1.27 (1.04-1.56) | 1.26 (1.07-1.49) |
| Substance use (prior 6 months) | ||
| Cigarette use | 0.86 (0.97-1.17) | 0.98 (0.74-1.31) |
| Alcohol use | 1.07 (0.85-1.34) | 0.89 (0.74-1.07) |
| Current injection use | 1.01 (0.81-1.26) | 1.65 (1.36-2.01) |
| Non-injection heroin or cocaine | 1.17 (0.94-1.45) | 0.87 (0.72-1.06) |
| Crack use | 1.24 (0.99-1.55) | 1.01 (0.86-1.20) |
| Marijuana use | 0.98 (0.76-1.26) | 0.82 (0.69-0.98) |
| Any alcohol/drug treatment | 1.34 (1.08-1.65) | --- |
| Non-fatal overdose2 | ||
| No drug use | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Drug use/no overdose | 1.03 (0.83-1.29) | 1.60 (1.30-1.96) |
| Drug use/overdose | 0.92 (0.63-1.34) | 1.70 (1.35-2.32) |
| Chronic conditions and mental health conditions (prior 6 months) | ||
| Depression (index visit)3 | --- | 1.30 (1.10-1.53) |
| Depression treatment (index visit) | --- | 1.11 (0.91-1.34) |
| Depression treatment (prospective4) | 2.07 (1.73-2.48) | |
| Moderate/severe body pain | 1.11 (0.92-1.35) | 0.88 (0.74-1.04) |
| HIV-negative | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| HIV-positive/undetectable | 1.24 (0.85-1.82) | 0.93 (0.66-1.32) |
| HIV-positive/detectable | 1.22 (0.86-1.72) | 1.16 (0.87-1.54) |
| Diabetes treatment | 1.42 (0.95-2.12) | 1.18 (0.82-1.71) |
| Hypertension treatment | 1.05 (0.82-1.33) | 0.94 (0.78-1.15) |
| High cholesterol treatment | 0.93 (0.60-1.45) | 0.69 (0.46-1.04) |
| Suicidal risk | ||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Thoughts/no plan | 1.91 (1.38-2.64) | 1.18 (0.87-1.60) |
| Thoughts/plan | 2.99 (1.90-4.72) | 1.66 (1.10-2.51) |
1
models adjusted for calendar year, age, sex, and race
2
Overdose assessed only among those reporting injection drug use prior to 2014
3
depression defined as CESD≥23 or depression treatment
4
prospective treatment in 12 months following index visit