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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2019 Jan;160(1):160–171. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001387

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Effects of metformin, A769662, and 4-PBA on MGO-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. (A) A769662 (7.2 μg, i.p.) prevents the mechanical hypersensitivity produced by a low dose of MGO (2 μg, i.p.). (B) 4-PBA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuates mechanical hypersensitivity produced by the low dose of MGO, whereas the low dose of 4-PBA (10 mg/kg) has no significant antinociceptive effect. For A769662: 2-way ANOVA, F(5, 60) = 1.424, P = 0.2287. Post-hoc Bonferroni; vehicle + MGO vs a769662 + MGO at 1 hour: **P = 0.0078, at 3 hours: **P = 0.0079. n = 6. For 4-PBA: 2-way ANOVA, F(10,90) = 1.591, P = 0.1221. Post-hoc Bonferroni; vehicle + MGO vs 4-PBA (100 mg/kg) + MGO at 1 hour: ***P = 0.0001, at 3 hours: **P = 0.0273. n = 6. (C) 4-PBA (10-100 mg/kg, i.p.) administration at day 6 reverses the mechanical hypersensitivity produced by a high-dose of MGO (720 ng, i.p.). Two-way ANOVA, F(14,105) = 3.857, P < 0.001. Post-hoc Bonferroni; MGO + vehicle vs MGO+ 4-PBA at 0.5 hours: **P = 0.0074, at 1 hour: **P = 0.0045, at 3 hours: ***P = 0.0005. n = 6. (D) Metformin (200 mg/kg, per os) administration for 10 days, starting at day 5, reverses the mechanical hypersensitivity and accelerates the recovery to baseline mechanical thresholds in mice injected with a high dose of MGO (720 ng, i.p.). Two-way ANOVA, F(13,130) = 1.872, P < 0.001. Post-hoc Bonferroni; MGO + vehicle vs MGO+metformin at 12 days: *P = 0.0143, at 15 days: P = 0.0762, at 16 days: **P = 0.0316, at 17 days: **P = 0.0029. n = 6. ANOVA, analysis of variance.