Table 3.

Sample Characteristics by Generation and Race

Variables	Mean (S.D)
	All	African Americans	Whites
Grandparents, generation 1
Grandparents’ highest years of schooling	10.8 (3.3)	9.7 (3.0)	11.7 (3.2)
Family structure during G2’s childhood
% One-parent families, unmarried parents	5.1	8.6	2.1
% One-parent families, divorced parents	18.8	22.7	15.4
% Two-parent families	76.1	68.8	82.6
Disability	31.4	39.0	24.7
Occupational status (socioeconomic index)	28.7 (20.6)	18.4 (11.7)	37.8 (22.4)
Own home	69.3	54.1	82.8
Average family income during G2’s childhood	56,314 (38,983)	36,780 (20,418)	73,730 (43,122)
Parents, generation 2
Parents’ highest years of schooling	13.2 (2.3)	12.6 (2.1)	13.7 (2.3)
Family structure during G3’s childhood
% One-parent families, unmarried parents	24.0	43.2	6.8
% One-parent families, divorced parents	25.4	22.7	27.8
% Two-parent families	50.6	34.1	65.4
Disability	47.2	53.3	41.8
Occupational status (socioeconomic index)	34.7 (19.2)	27.3 (14.7)	41.3 (20.3)
Own home	81.8	70.6	91.8
Average family income during G3’s childhood	65,002 (144,710)	41,702 (26,464)	85,775 (195,137)
Grandchild, generation 3
Years of schooling	13.1 (2.2)	12.6 (2.1)	13.6 (2.3)
% Male	50.8	51.6	50.0
Age in 2013
% 25–34	49.1	44.8	52.8
% 35–44	39.8	39.6	40.0
% 45–54	8.2	11.3	5.4
% 55–65	2.9	4.2	1.8
Region
% Northeast	13.0	5.6	19.6
% North central	23.9	16.6	30.3
% South	49.9	71.4	30.8
% West	13.2	6.4	19.3
Religion
% Catholic	17.6	6.2	27.9
% Jewish	1.5	0.3	2.6
% Protestant	74.9	89.0	62.3
% Others	6.0	4.6	7.3
Number of family lineages	1,485	586	899
Number of observations	5,357	2,525	2,832

Data sources: Multigenerational linked data from Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 1968–2013.

Notes: Figures in parentheses are standard deviations for continuous variables.