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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 18.
Published in final edited form as: Demography. 2016 Dec;53(6):1905–1932. doi: 10.1007/s13524-016-0515-5

Table 4.

Educational Attainment of Grandchildren by Multigenerational Types of Family Structure

Grandchildren’s Years of Schooling: Mean (S.D)
Family structure in G1
Family structure in G2
Family structure in both G1 and G2
Unmarried Divorced 2-parent Unmarried Divorced 2-parent Unmarried Divorced 2-parent

Full Sample 12.7 (2.1) 12.7 (2.1) 13.2 (2.3) 12.2 (2.0) 12.8 (2.2) 13.7 (2.2) 12.6 (1.9) 12.6 (2.0) 13.8 (2.2)
N 275 1,007 4,075 1,284 1,360 2,713 140 243 2,163
Percent, % 5.1 18.8 76.1 24.0 25.4 50.6 2.6 4.5 40.4
African Americans 12.7 (2.1) 12.5 (2.1) 12.6 (2.1) 12.2 (1.9) 12.4 (2.1) 13.2 (2.2) 12.6 (1.9) 12.3 (1.9) 13.2 (2.2)
N 217 572 1,736 1,091 574 860 124 112 600
Percent, % 8.6 22.7 68.8 43.2 22.7 34.1 4.9 4.4 23.8
Whites 13.1 (2.0) 13.0 (2.2) 13.7 (2.3) 12.2 (2.1) 13.0 (2.2) 13.9 (2.2) 12.9 (1.9) 12.8 (2.1) 14.0 (2.2)
N 58 435 2,339 193 786 1,853 16 131 1,563
Percent, % 2.0 15.4 82.6 6.8 27.8 65.4 0.6 4.6 55.2

Data sources: Multigenerational linked data from Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 1968–2013.

Notes: For the sake of simplicity, the figures are calculated based on data from the first imputed dataset. The statistics are similar for the other 19 imputed samples. When presenting the joint distribution of family structure in both G1 and G2, the table omits all categories except for those that have the same structure in G1 and G2, namely both unmarried, divorced, and two-parent.